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Reproductive hazards of space travel in women and men.
Nature Reviews Endocrinology ( IF 31.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-14 , DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0267-6
Birendra Mishra 1 , Ulrike Luderer 2
Affiliation  

Extended travel in deep space poses potential hazards to the reproductive function of female and male astronauts, including exposure to cosmic radiation, microgravity, increased gravity (hypergravity), psychological stress, physical stress and circadian rhythm disruptions. This Review focuses on the effects of microgravity, hypergravity and cosmic radiation. Cosmic radiation contains protons, helium nuclei and high charge and energy (HZE) particles. Studies performed on Earth in which rodents were exposed to experimentally generated HZE particles have demonstrated a high sensitivity of ovarian follicles and spermatogenic cells to HZE particles. Exposure to microgravity during space flight and to simulated microgravity on Earth disrupts spermatogenesis and testicular testosterone synthesis in rodents, whereas the male reproductive system seems to adapt to exposure to moderate hypergravity. A few studies have investigated the effects of microgravity on female reproduction, with findings of disrupted oestrous cycling and in vitro follicle development being cause for concern. Many remaining data gaps need to be addressed, including the effects of microgravity, hypergravity and space radiation on the male and female reproductive tracts, hypothalamic-pituitary regulation of reproduction and prenatal development of the reproductive system as well as the combined effects of the multiple reproductive hazards encountered in space.

中文翻译:

男女太空旅行对生殖的危害。

长时间在深空旅行会对男女航天员的生殖功能造成潜在危害,包括暴露于宇宙辐射,微重力,重力增加(超重力),心理压力,身体压力和昼夜节律紊乱。这篇评论集中在微重力,超重力和宇宙辐射的影响上。宇宙辐射包含质子,氦核和高电荷和能量(HZE)粒子。在啮齿动物暴露于实验产生的HZE颗粒的地球上进行的研究表明,卵巢卵泡和生精细胞对HZE颗粒具有很高的敏感性。在太空飞行过程中暴露于微重力下以及地球上模拟的微重力下,都会破坏啮齿动物的精子发生和睾丸睾丸激素的合成,而男性生殖系统似乎可以适应中度超重。一些研究已经研究了微重力对女性生殖的影响,令人担忧的发现是畸胎周期的破坏和体外卵泡的发育。许多尚待解决的数据空白,包括微重力,超重力和空间辐射对雄性和雌性生殖道的影响,下丘脑-垂体调节生殖和生殖系统的产前发育以及多种生殖的综合作用在太空中遇到的危险。令人发指的是,发情周期被破坏和体外卵泡发育受到关注。许多尚待解决的数据空白,包括微重力,超重力和空间辐射对雄性和雌性生殖道的影响,下丘脑-垂体调节生殖和生殖系统的产前发育以及多种生殖的综合作用在太空中遇到的危险。令人发指的是,发情周期被破坏和体外卵泡发育受到关注。许多尚待解决的数据空白,包括微重力,超重力和空间辐射对雄性和雌性生殖道的影响,下丘脑-垂体调节生殖和生殖系统的产前发育以及多种生殖的综合作用在太空中遇到的危险。
更新日期:2019-10-15
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