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Adaptive immunity: an emerging player in the progression of NAFLD.
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology ( IF 45.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-11 , DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0210-2 Salvatore Sutti 1 , Emanuele Albano 1
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology ( IF 45.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-11 , DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0210-2 Salvatore Sutti 1 , Emanuele Albano 1
Affiliation
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In the past decade, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a leading cause of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, as well as an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of liver lesions, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Although steatosis is often harmless, the lobular inflammation that characterizes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered a driving force in the progression of NAFLD. The current view is that innate immune mechanisms represent a key element in supporting hepatic inflammation in NASH. However, increasing evidence points to the role of adaptive immunity as an additional factor promoting liver inflammation. This Review discusses data regarding the role of B cells and T cells in sustaining the progression of NASH to fibrosis and HCC, along with the findings that antigens originating from oxidative stress act as a trigger for immune responses. We also highlight the mechanisms affecting liver immune tolerance in the setting of steatohepatitis that favour lymphocyte activation. Finally, we analyse emerging evidence concerning the possible application of immune modulating treatments in NASH therapy.
中文翻译：
适应性免疫：NAFLD 进展中的新兴参与者。
在过去的十年中，非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）已成为慢性肝病和肝硬化的主要原因，也是肝细胞癌（HCC）的重要危险因素。 NAFLD 涵盖一系列肝脏病变，包括单纯性脂肪变性、脂肪性肝炎和纤维化。尽管脂肪变性通常无害，但以非酒精性脂肪性肝炎 (NASH) 为特征的小叶炎症被认为是 NAFLD 进展的驱动力。目前的观点是，先天免疫机制是支持 NASH 肝脏炎症的关键因素。然而，越来越多的证据表明适应性免疫是促进肝脏炎症的另一个因素。本综述讨论了有关 B 细胞和 T 细胞在维持 NASH 向纤维化和 HCC 进展中的作用的数据，以及源自氧化应激的抗原可触发免疫反应的发现。我们还强调了在脂肪性肝炎情况下影响肝脏免疫耐受的机制，有利于淋巴细胞激活。最后，我们分析了有关免疫调节治疗在 NASH 治疗中可能应用的新证据。
更新日期：2019-10-12
中文翻译：
适应性免疫：NAFLD 进展中的新兴参与者。
在过去的十年中，非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）已成为慢性肝病和肝硬化的主要原因，也是肝细胞癌（HCC）的重要危险因素。 NAFLD 涵盖一系列肝脏病变，包括单纯性脂肪变性、脂肪性肝炎和纤维化。尽管脂肪变性通常无害，但以非酒精性脂肪性肝炎 (NASH) 为特征的小叶炎症被认为是 NAFLD 进展的驱动力。目前的观点是，先天免疫机制是支持 NASH 肝脏炎症的关键因素。然而，越来越多的证据表明适应性免疫是促进肝脏炎症的另一个因素。本综述讨论了有关 B 细胞和 T 细胞在维持 NASH 向纤维化和 HCC 进展中的作用的数据，以及源自氧化应激的抗原可触发免疫反应的发现。我们还强调了在脂肪性肝炎情况下影响肝脏免疫耐受的机制，有利于淋巴细胞激活。最后，我们分析了有关免疫调节治疗在 NASH 治疗中可能应用的新证据。
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