Abstract Multiphase flow models are validated by comparison with a relatively good supply of high-quality laboratory data, and a relatively sparse supply of field data, which tends to have poorer quality. One of the principal challenges for multiphase flow models, in terms of uncertainty, is the difference in scale and some of the fluid properties between field and laboratory conditions. Therefore, the models may become unreliable when they are applied to conditions that are very different from those in the laboratory. IFE (Institute for Energy Technology) has recently developed and demonstrated scale-up rules for the most basic multiphase pipe flows. The objective of the work presented in this paper was to select appropriate data from our existing database and design new, scaled laboratory experiments, well-suited to demonstrate (or test) the scaling rules by comparing the results. The data include fluid properties, pipe configurations and flow rates. Besides the observed flow pattern, liquid holdup and pressure gradient are the two main parameters for comparison. IFE's CO2 Flow Loop with a test section inner diameter (ID) of 44 mm, operates for two-phase flows over a large range of pressures and temperatures on the equilibrium line of pure CO2. In order to verify scale-up principles, series of experiments were conducted according to the scaling rules to simulate similar conditions. The experiments were performed with gas–liquid two-phase CO2 for fully-developed, steady-state flow, in a horizontal or near-horizontal pipe. The flow regimes include stratified and annular flows. The experimental results showed that measurements of liquid holdup, and pressure gradient in the CO2 Flow Loop are in excellent agreement with appropriately scaled data from the larger-scale facilities. The results also confirm that the gas-to-liquid density ratio plays an important role. The experiments provide valuable data sets for verifying scaling laws, which are lacking in the literature.

中文翻译：

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气液两相分层管流中的尺寸分析和缩放——方法评估

摘要 多相流模型通过与相对良好的高质量实验室数据供应和相对稀疏的现场数据供应进行比较来验证，这些数据往往质量较差。就不确定性而言，多相流模型的主要挑战之一是现场和实验室条件之间的规模差异和一些流体特性。因此，当模型应用于与实验室环境非常不同的条件时，模型可能变得不可靠。IFE（能源技术研究所）最近开发并展示了最基本的多相管流的放大规则。本文提出的工作目标是从我们现有的数据库中选择合适的数据，并设计新的、规模化的实验室实验，非常适合通过比较结果来演示（或测试）缩放规则。数据包括流体特性、管道配置和流速。除了观察到的流动模式外，持液率和压力梯度是用于比较的两个主要参数。IFE 的 CO2 Flow Loop 测试段内径 (ID) 为 44 mm，可在纯 CO2 平衡线上的大范围压力和温度下用于两相流。为了验证放大原理，根据放大规则进行了一系列实验来模拟类似的条件。实验是在水平或接近水平的管道中使用气液两相 CO2 进行的，以获得完全发展的稳态流动。流态包括分层流和环形流。实验结果表明，CO2 流动回路中的液体滞留量和压力梯度的测量值与来自大型设施的适当比例的数据非常吻合。结果还证实气液密度比起着重要作用。这些实验提供了有价值的数据集来验证文献中缺乏的缩放定律。