Waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs), owing to their environmental friendliness and non-flammability, are considered as a green class of materials for a wide spectrum of applications, like adhesives, coatings, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. However, to strengthen their thermal stability, water resistance, mechanical properties, and introduce new peculiarities to these polymers, the incorporation of different types of (nano) fillers within their molecular state, emerged novel opportunities and challenges in material sciences. This approach provides new vitality to these materials since the strong interactions between WPU matrices and fillers facilitate the formation of desired WPU composites (WPUCs). Therefore, WPUCs have greatly promoted the construction and designing of novel materials, like hyperbranched WPUs and their nanocomposites. Thus, the aim of the present article is to deeply overview the properties and application of WPUCs in the various realm. The review also provides a brief discussion on the design and synthesis of WPUs, WPUCs, hyperbranched WPUs, and their nanocomposites along with the implementation of naturally derived materials for the development of sustainable WPUCs.

水性聚氨酯（WPU）由于其对环境友好和不易燃的特性，被认为是适用于各种应用（如粘合剂，涂料，药物输送和组织工程）的绿色环保材料。然而，为了增强它们的热稳定性，耐水性，机械性能并为这些聚合物引入新的特性，在其分子态内掺入不同类型的（纳米）填料，在材料科学中出现了新的机遇和挑战。这种方法为这些材料提供了新的活力，因为WPU基质与填料之间的强相互作用促进了所需WPU复合材料（WPUC）的形成。因此，WPUC极大地促进了超支化WPU及其纳米复合材料等新型材料的构建和设计。因此，本文的目的是深入概述WPUC的特性和在各个领域中的应用。审查还简要讨论了WPU，WPUC，超支化WPU及其纳米复合材料的设计和合成，以及为开发可持续WPUC而采用天然衍生材料的情况。