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The blood-brain barrier and blood-tumour barrier in brain tumours and metastases.
Nature Reviews Cancer ( IF 72.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-10 , DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0205-x
Costas D Arvanitis 1 , Gino B Ferraro 2 , Rakesh K Jain 2
Affiliation  

For a blood-borne cancer therapeutic agent to be effective, it must cross the blood vessel wall to reach cancer cells in adequate quantities, and it must overcome the resistance conferred by the local microenvironment around cancer cells. The brain microenvironment can thwart the effectiveness of drugs against primary brain tumours as well as brain metastases. In this Review, we highlight the cellular and molecular components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a specialized neurovascular unit evolved to maintain brain homeostasis. Tumours are known to compromise the integrity of the BBB, resulting in a vasculature known as the blood-tumour barrier (BTB), which is highly heterogeneous and characterized by numerous distinct features, including non-uniform permeability and active efflux of molecules. We discuss the challenges posed by the BBB and BTB for drug delivery, how multiple cell types dictate BBB function and the role of the BTB in disease progression and treatment. Finally, we highlight emerging molecular, cellular and physical strategies to improve drug delivery across the BBB and BTB and discuss their impact on improving conventional as well as emerging treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and engineered T cells. A deeper understanding of the BBB and BTB through the application of single-cell sequencing and imaging techniques, and the development of biomarkers of BBB integrity along with systems biology approaches, should enable new personalized treatment strategies for primary brain malignancies and brain metastases.

中文翻译:

脑肿瘤和转移中的血脑屏障和血肿瘤屏障。

为了使血源性癌症治疗剂有效,它必须穿过血管壁以到达足够数量的癌细胞,并且必须克服癌细胞周围局部微环境赋予的抵抗力。大脑微环境可以阻碍药物对抗原发性脑肿瘤以及脑转移瘤的有效性。在本综述中,我们重点介绍了血脑屏障(BBB)的细胞和分子成分,血脑屏障是一种专门的神经血管单位,可以维持脑稳态。众所周知,肿瘤会损害BBB的完整性,从而形成称为血肿瘤屏障(BTB)的脉管系统,该系统高度异质,并具有许多独特的特征,包括不均匀的渗透性和分子的主动流出。我们讨论了血脑屏障和血脑屏障对药物递送的挑战,多种细胞类型如何决定血脑屏障的功能以及血脑屏障在疾病进展和治疗中的作用。最后,我们重点介绍了新兴的分子,细胞和物理策略,以改善跨BBB和BTB的药物输送,并讨论了它们对改善常规和新兴治疗方法(如免疫检查点抑制剂和工程T细胞)的影响。通过单细胞测序和成像技术的应用对BBB和BTB的更深入了解,以及BBB完整性生物标志物的发展以及系统生物学方法,应能为原发性脑恶性肿瘤和脑转移瘤提供新的个性化治疗策略。多种细胞类型如何决定BBB功能以及BTB在疾病进展和治疗中的作用。最后,我们重点介绍了新兴的分子,细胞和物理策略,以改善跨BBB和BTB的药物输送,并讨论了它们对改善常规和新兴治疗方法(如免疫检查点抑制剂和工程T细胞)的影响。通过单细胞测序和成像技术的应用对BBB和BTB的更深入了解,以及BBB完整性生物标志物的发展以及系统生物学方法,应能为原发性脑恶性肿瘤和脑转移瘤提供新的个性化治疗策略。多种细胞类型如何决定BBB功能以及BTB在疾病进展和治疗中的作用。最后,我们重点介绍了新兴的分子,细胞和物理策略,以改善跨BBB和BTB的药物输送,并讨论了它们对改善常规和新兴治疗方法(如免疫检查点抑制剂和工程T细胞)的影响。通过单细胞测序和成像技术的应用对BBB和BTB的更深入了解,以及BBB完整性生物标志物的发展以及系统生物学方法,应能为原发性脑恶性肿瘤和脑转移瘤提供新的个性化治疗策略。改善跨BBB和BTB的药物输送的细胞和物理策略,并讨论它们对改善常规和新兴治疗方法(如免疫检查点抑制剂和工程T细胞)的影响。通过单细胞测序和成像技术的应用对BBB和BTB的更深入了解,以及BBB完整性生物标志物的发展以及系统生物学方法,应能为原发性脑恶性肿瘤和脑转移瘤提供新的个性化治疗策略。改善跨BBB和BTB的药物输送的细胞和物理策略,并讨论它们对改善常规和新兴治疗方法(如免疫检查点抑制剂和工程T细胞)的影响。通过单细胞测序和成像技术的应用对BBB和BTB的更深入了解,以及BBB完整性生物标志物的发展以及系统生物学方法,应能为原发性脑恶性肿瘤和脑转移瘤提供新的个性化治疗策略。
更新日期:2019-10-10
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