This paper describes two indoor shelter models – an analytical model and a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model - that can be used to predict the level of infiltration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into a building following a release from an onshore CO₂ pipeline. The motivation behind the development of these models was to demonstrate that the effects of shelter should be considered as part of a Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for CO₂ pipeline infrastructure and to provide a methodology for considering the impact of a CO₂ release on building occupants.A key component in the consequence modelling of a release from a CO₂ pipeline is an infiltration model for CO₂ into buildings which can describe the impact on people inside buildings during a release event.

This paper describes the development of an analytical shelter model and a CFD model which are capable of predicting the change in internal concentration, temperature and toxic load within a single roomed building that is totally engulfed by a transient cloud of gaseous CO₂. Application of the models is demonstrated by comparison with experimental measurements of CO₂ accumulation in a building placed in the path of a drifting cloud of CO₂. The analytical and CFD models are shown to make good predictions of the average change in internal concentration. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the effects of shelter should be taken into account when conducting QRA assessments on CO₂ pipelines.

本文介绍了两种室内避难所模型-分析模型和计算流体动力学（CFD）模型-可用于预测从陆上CO ₂管道释放后二氧化碳（CO ₂）渗入建筑物的水平。开发这些模型的动机是为了证明应将庇护所的影响作为对CO ₂管道基础设施的定量风险评估（QRA）的一部分，并提供一种方法来考虑CO ₂释放对建筑物的影响在来自CO的释放的结果建模occupants.A关键部件₂管道是用于CO渗透模型₂可以描述释放事件期间对建筑物内部人员的影响的建筑物。

本文介绍了一种分析避难所模型和CFD模型的开发过程，该模型能够预测单间室内建筑物内的内部浓度，温度和有毒负荷的变化，该建筑物被气态CO ₂的短暂云完全吞没。该模型的应用通过与放置在CO ₂浮云路径中的建筑物中的CO ₂积累的实验测量结果进行比较来证明。分析模型和CFD模型显示出对内部浓度平均变化的良好预测。此外，已证明在对CO ₂管道进行QRA评估时应考虑到遮蔽物的影响。