Secretion of Phospholipase Dδ Functions as a Regulatory Mechanism in Plant Innate Immunity.,The Plant Cell

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Secretion of Phospholipase Dδ Functions as a Regulatory Mechanism in Plant Innate Immunity.
The Plant Cell ( IF 10.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-09 , DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00534
Jingjing Xing _{1,

2} , Xiaojuan Li _{3,

4} , Xiaohua Wang ₁ , Xueqin Lv ₄ , Li Wang ₁ , Liang Zhang ₁ , Yingfang Zhu ₂ , Qianhua Shen ₅ , František Baluška ₆ , Jozef Šamaj ₇ , Jinxing Lin _{3,

4}

Affiliation

Plant phospholipase Ds (PLDs), essential regulators of phospholipid signaling, function in multiple signal transduction cascades; however, the mechanisms regulating PLDs in response to pathogens remain unclear. Here, we found that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PLDδ accumulated in cells at the entry sites of the barley powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and single-molecule analysis, we observed higher PLDδ density in the plasma membrane after chitin treatment; PLDδ also underwent rapid exocytosis. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy showed that the interaction between PLDδ and the microdomain marker AtREMORIN1.3 (AtREM1.3) increased in response to chitin, indicating that exocytosis facilitates rapid, efficient sorting of PLDδ into microdomains upon pathogen stimulus. We further unveiled a trade-off between brefeldin A (BFA)-resistant and -sensitive pathways in secretion of PLDδ under diverse conditions. Upon pathogen attack, PLDδ secretion involved syntaxin-associated VAMP721/722-mediated exocytosis sensitive to BFA. Analysis of phosphatidic acid (PA), hydrogen peroxide, and jasmonic acid (JA) levels and expression of related genes indicated that the relocalization of PLDδ is crucial for its activation to produce PA and initiate reactive oxygen species and JA signaling pathways. Together, our findings revealed that the translocation of PLDδ to papillae is modulated by exocytosis, thus triggering PA-mediated signaling in plant innate immunity.plantcell;31/12/3015/FX1F1fx1.

中文翻译：

磷脂酶 Dδ 的分泌作为植物先天免疫的调节机制。

植物磷脂酶 Ds (PLD) 是磷脂信号转导的重要调节因子，在多种信号转导级联中发挥作用；然而，调节 PLD 响应病原体的机制仍不清楚。在这里，我们发现拟南芥 (Arabidopsis thaliana) PLDδ 在大麦白粉病真菌 Blumeria graminis f 的进入位点的细胞中积累。 sphordei 利用光漂白和单分子分析后的荧光恢复，我们观察到几丁质处理后质膜中的 PLDδ 密度更高； PLDδ 也经历了快速的胞吐作用。荧光寿命成像显微镜的荧光共振能量转移表明，PLDδ 和微域标记 AtREMORIN1.3 (AtREM1.3) 之间的相互作用随着几丁质的响应而增加，表明胞吐作用有助于在病原体刺激下将 PLDδ 快速、有效地分类到微域中。我们进一步揭示了不同条件下 PLDδ 分泌的布雷菲德菌素 A (BFA) 抗性和敏感途径之间的权衡。病原体攻击后，PLDδ 分泌涉及突触结合蛋白相关的 VAMP721/722 介导的对 BFA 敏感的胞吐作用。对磷脂酸（PA）、过氧化氢和茉莉酸（JA）水平以及相关基因表达的分析表明，PLDδ的重新定位对于其激活产生PA并启动活性氧和JA信号通路至关重要。总之，我们的研究结果表明，PLDδ 向乳头的易位是通过胞吐作用调节的，从而在植物先天免疫中触发 PA 介导的信号传导。plantcell;31/12/3015/FX1F1fx1。

更新日期：2019-12-11

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