Since Canon released the first dual-pixel autofocus in 2013, this technique has been used in many cameras and smartphones. Quad-pixel sensors, where a microlens covers 2x2 sub-pixels, will be the next development. In this paper we describe the design for such sensors; related wave optics simulations; and results, especially in terms of angular response. Then we propose a new method for mixing wave optics simulations with ray tracing simulations in order to generate physically accurate synthetic images. Those images are useful in a co-design approach by linking the pixel architecture, the main lens design and the computer vision algorithms.

中文翻译：

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四像素传感器和计算成像的联合电磁和射线跟踪模拟

自佳能在2013年发布首个双像素自动对焦以来，该技术已在许多相机和智能手机中使用。微像素覆盖2x2子像素的四像素传感器将是下一个发展。在本文中，我们描述了这种传感器的设计。相关的波光学模拟；和结果，尤其是在角度响应方面。然后，我们提出了一种将波光学模拟与射线跟踪模拟混合的新方法，以生成物理上准确的合成图像。通过链接像素架构，主镜头设计和计算机视觉算法，这些图像在协同设计方法中很有用。