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Saccharide Transfer to Sea Spray Aerosol Enhanced by Surface Activity, Calcium, and Protein Interactions
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-22 , DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00197
Elias S. Hasenecz 1 , Chathuri P. Kaluarachchi 1 , Hansol D. Lee 1 , Alexei V. Tivanski 1 , Elizabeth A. Stone 1
Affiliation  

Sea spray aerosol (SSA) represents the largest source of natural primary aerosol with climate relevance in cloud formation. The aerosol-cloud activation process is influenced by saccharides, which comprise a large SSA organic mass fraction. Saccharides are enriched relative to sodium in SSA by several orders of magnitude but the mechanisms of that enrichment remain poorly understood. Here, saccharide enrichment in laboratory-generated SSA was quantified via bubble bursting experiments using marine-relevant model systems. The resulting particles exhibited core–shell morphology previously observed in SSA, as identified by single particle atomic force microscopy (AFM). Measured enrichment factors (EFs) from filters indicated significant enrichment in aerosol <250 nm in diameter (EF = 1.68 ± 0.19) for the anionic polysaccharide (alginate) and no enrichment (EF = 1) for neutral short-chain saccharides (glucose, sucrose, raffinose, and cyclodextrin). Concurrent surface tension depression was observed for the surface microlayer (SML) with alginate (−Δ12.2 mN m–1 relative to seawater matrix) but not for the short-chain saccharides. Together, results indicate that surface activity of these systems result in saccharide enrichment. Moreover, model system complexity was increased through calcium addition which significantly increased alginate enrichment in aerosol <250 nm in diameter (EF = 2.44 ± 0.26). Separately, protein addition caused the greatest alginate enrichment increase in 500–1000 nm diameter aerosol (EF = 5.77 ± 0.61). These results indicate saccharide surface activity and cooperative interactions with protein and calcium that enhance saccharide enrichment. However, the model systems have not reproduced EFs of natural SSAs and the role of complex ocean biology still needs to be evaluated.

中文翻译:

通过表面活性,钙和蛋白质相互作用增强了将糖类转移到海喷雾气溶胶中的作用

海水喷雾气溶胶(SSA)代表了自然原始气溶胶的最大来源,与云形成过程中的气候相关。气溶胶-云的活化过程受糖的影响,其中糖包含很大的SSA有机质量分数。糖相对于SSA中的钠富集了几个数量级,但这种富集的机理仍知之甚少。在这里,实验室产生的SSA中糖的富集通过使用海洋相关模型系统的气泡破裂实验进行量化。通过单颗粒原子力显微镜(AFM)鉴定,所得颗粒表现出先前在SSA中观察到的核-壳形态。过滤器中测得的富集因子(EFs)表明直径<250 nm的气溶胶有大量富集(EF = 1.68±0。19)对于阴离子多糖(藻酸盐),对于中性短链糖(葡萄糖,蔗糖,棉子糖和环糊精)没有富集(EF = 1)。观察到藻酸盐(-Δ12.2mN m相对于海水基质为–1),但不适用于短链糖类。在一起,结果表明这些系统的表面活性导致糖的富集。此外,通过添加钙增加了模型系统的复杂性,这显着增加了直径小于250 nm的气溶胶中藻酸盐的富集度(EF = 2.44±0.26)。另外,蛋白质的添加导致直径500-1000 nm的气溶胶中藻酸盐富集增加最大(EF = 5.77±0.61)。这些结果表明糖表面活性以及与蛋白质和钙的协同相互作用增强了糖的富集。但是,模型系统尚未复制天然SSA的EF,并且仍然需要评估复杂海洋生物学的作用。
更新日期:2019-10-23
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