Cell polarity in plants operates across a broad range of spatial and temporal scales to control processes from acute cell growth to systemic hormone distribution. Similar to other eukaryotes, plants generate polarity at both the subcellular and tissue levels, often through polarization of membrane-associated protein complexes. However, likely due to the constraints imposed by the cell wall and their extremely plastic development, plants possess novel polarity molecules and mechanisms highly tuned to environmental inputs. Considerable progress has been made in identifying key plant polarity regulators, but detailed molecular understanding of polarity mechanisms remains incomplete in plants. Here, we emphasize the striking similarities in the conceptual frameworks that generate polarity in both animals and plants. To this end, we highlight how novel, plant-specific proteins engage in common themes of positive feedback, dynamic intracellular trafficking, and posttranslational regulation to establish polarity axes in development. We end with a discussion of how environmental signals control intrinsic polarity to impact postembryonic organogenesis and growth.

中文翻译：

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植物细胞极性：从盒子内部创造多样性。

植物中的细胞极性可在广泛的时空范围内运作，以控制从急性细胞生长到全身激素分布的过程。与其他真核生物相似，植物通常在膜相关蛋白复合物中极化，从而在亚细胞和组织水平上产生极性。但是，很可能由于细胞壁施加的限制及其极度可塑性的发展，植物拥有了高度适应环境输入的新型极性分子和机制。在确定关键的植物极性调节剂方面已经取得了相当大的进步，但是在植物中对极性机理的详细分子理解仍然不完整。在这里，我们强调在动植物中都产生极性的概念框架中的惊人相似之处。为此，我们强调了新颖性，植物特异性蛋白质参与正反馈，动态细胞内运输和翻译后调节的共同主题，以建立发育中的极性轴。我们以环境信号如何控制内在极性影响胚胎后器官发生和生长为结尾进行讨论。