Regulated synthesis and movement of proteins between cellular organelles are central to diverse forms of biological adaptation and plasticity. In neurons, the repertoire of channel, receptor, and adhesion proteins displayed on the cell surface directly impacts cellular development, morphology, excitability, and synapse function. The immensity of the neuronal surface membrane and its division into distinct functional domains present a challenging landscape over which proteins must navigate to reach their appropriate functional domains. This problem becomes more complex considering that neuronal protein synthesis is continuously refined in space and time by neural activity. Here we review our current understanding of how integral membrane and secreted proteins important for neuronal function travel from their sites of synthesis to their functional destinations. We discuss how unique adaptations to the function and distribution of neuronal secretory organelles may facilitate local protein trafficking at remote sites in neuronal dendrites to support diverse forms of synaptic plasticity.

中文翻译：

---

神经元分泌网络的体系结构和动力学。

蛋白质在细胞器之间的合成和运动的调节对于多种形式的生物适应性和可塑性至关重要。在神经元中，显示在细胞表面的通道，受体和粘附蛋白的库直接影响细胞发育，形态，兴奋性和突触功能。神经元表面膜的巨大性及其将其划分为不同的功能结构域呈现了一个具有挑战性的前景，蛋白质必须在该结构上导航才能到达其适当的功能结构域。考虑到神经元蛋白合成通过神经活动在空间和时间上不断完善，这个问题变得更加复杂。在这里，我们回顾了我们目前对整体膜和分泌蛋白如何对神经元功能重要的理解，如何从它们的合成位点转移到它们的功能目的地。我们讨论了如何对神经元分泌细胞器的功能和分布进行独特的适应，以促进神经元树突中偏远部位的局部蛋白运输，从而支持各种形式的突触可塑性。