PyroGlu-Leu is present in certain food protein hydrolysates and traditional Japanese fermented foods. Our previous study demonstrated that the oral administration of pyroGlu-Leu (0.1 mg/kg body weight) attenuates dysbiosis in mice with experimental colitis. The objective of this study was to elucidate why such a low dose of pyroGlu-Leu attenuates dysbiosis in different animal models. High fat diet extensively increased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in feces of rats compared to control diet. Oral administration of pyroGlu-Leu (1 mg/kg body weight) significantly attenuated high fat diet-induced dysbiosis. By focusing on the production of intestinal antimicrobial peptides, we found that pyroGlu-Leu significantly increased the level of 4962 Da peptides, which identified as the propeptide of rattusin or defensin alpha 9, in ileum. We also observed increased tryptic fragment peptides from rattusin in the lumen. Here, we report that orally administered pyroGlu-Leu attenuates dysbiosis by increasing in the host antimicrobial peptide, rattusin.

PyroGlu-Leu存在于某些食品蛋白质水解产物和传统的日本发酵食品中。我们以前的研究表明口服pyroGlu-Leu（0.1 mg / kg体重）可减轻实验性结肠炎小鼠的营养不良。这项研究的目的是阐明为什么如此低剂量的pyroGlu-Leu可以减轻不同动物模型中的营养不良。高脂饮食大大增加了硬皮虫/拟杆菌的比例在大鼠的粪便中与对照饮食相比。口服给予pyroGlu-Leu（1 mg / kg体重）可显着减轻高脂饮食引起的营养不良。通过专注于肠道抗菌肽的生产，我们发现pyroGlu-Leu显着增加了4962 Da肽的水平，该肽被确定为回肠中的大鼠胃蛋白酶或防御素α9的前肽。我们还观察到内腔中来自rattusin的胰蛋白酶消化片段肽增加。在这里，我们报告口服pyroGlu-Leu通过增加宿主抗微生物肽，大鼠黄素来减轻营养不良。