Local biomaterials-assisted cancer immunotherapy to trigger systemic antitumor responses,Chemical Society Reviews

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Local biomaterials-assisted cancer immunotherapy to trigger systemic antitumor responses
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-07 , DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00271e
Qian Chen _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Muchao Chen _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Zhuang Liu _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5}

Affiliation

Cancer immunotherapy by educating or stimulating patients’ own immune systems to attack cancer cells has demonstrated promising therapeutic responses in the clinic. However, although the number of approved immunotherapeutics is rapidly increasing, key challenges such as limited clinical response rate and significant autoimmunity-related adverse effects remain to be resolved. Recently, it has been discovered that a diverse range of biomaterials-assisted local treatment methods including localized radiotherapy, chemotherapy or phototherapy are able to stimulate the immune systems, often by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). The triggered tumor-specific immunological responses after such local treatments, especially in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, can achieve a significant abscopal effect to attack whole-body spreading metastatic cancer cells, and later on result in immune memory to inhibit tumor recurrence. Moreover, local delivery of immunomodulatory therapeutics with biomaterials has also been demonstrated to be an alternative strategy to improve the therapeutic responses and reduce side effects of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we would like to summarize the latest advances, challenges and opportunities in utilizing biomaterials-assisted local treatment strategies for enhancing anticancer immunity, and discuss further prospects in this field together with how this strategy may possibly be translated into clinical use.

中文翻译：

局部生物材料辅助的癌症免疫疗法引发全身性抗肿瘤反应

通过教育或刺激患者自身的免疫系统攻击癌细胞来进行癌症免疫疗法已在临床上显示出令人鼓舞的治疗效果。然而，尽管批准的免疫疗法的数量正在迅速增加，但是关键的挑战，例如有限的临床反应率以及与自身免疫相关的重大不良反应，仍有待解决。最近，已经发现，包括局部放射疗法，化学疗法或光疗法在内的多种生物材料辅助的局部治疗方法通常能够通过诱导免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD）来刺激免疫系统。此类局部治疗（尤其是与免疫检查点封锁（ICB）疗法联合使用）后引发的肿瘤特异性免疫反应，可以达到明显的抽象作用，攻击全身扩散的转移性癌细胞，并随后产生免疫记忆，从而抑制肿瘤的复发。此外，还已经证明用生物材料局部递送免疫调节治疗剂是改善治疗反应并减少癌症免疫治疗副作用的替代策略。在这篇综述中，我们想总结利用生物材料辅助的局部治疗策略增强抗癌免疫力的最新进展，挑战和机遇，并讨论该领域的进一步前景以及如何将该策略转化为临床应用。用生物材料局部递送免疫调节疗法也已被证明是改善治疗反应并减少癌症免疫疗法副作用的另一种策略。在这篇综述中，我们想总结利用生物材料辅助的局部治疗策略增强抗癌免疫力的最新进展，挑战和机遇，并讨论该领域的进一步前景以及如何将该策略转化为临床应用。用生物材料局部递送免疫调节疗法也已被证明是改善治疗反应并减少癌症免疫疗法副作用的另一种策略。在这篇综述中，我们想总结利用生物材料辅助的局部治疗策略增强抗癌免疫力的最新进展，挑战和机遇，并讨论该领域的进一步前景以及如何将该策略转化为临床应用。

更新日期：2019-10-07

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