RNA viruses encode the information required to usurp cellular metabolism and gene regulation and to enable their own replication in two ways: in the linear sequence of their RNA genomes and in higher-order structures that form when the genomic RNA strand folds back on itself. Application of high-resolution SHAPE (selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension) structure probing to viral RNA genomes has identified numerous new regulatory elements, defined new principles by which viral RNAs interact with the cellular host and evade host immune responses, and revealed relationships between virus evolution and RNA structure. This review summarizes our current understanding of genome structure-function interrelationships for RNA viruses, as informed by SHAPE structure probing, and outlines opportunities for future studies.

中文翻译：

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SHAPE对病毒RNA基因组的物理和功能分析。

RNA病毒编码篡夺细胞代谢和基因调控以及实现其自身复制所需的信息，有两种方式：在其RNA基因组的线性序列中以及在基因组RNA链向后折叠时形成的高级结构。高分辨率SHAPE（通过引物延伸分析选择性2'-羟基酰化）结构在病毒RNA基因组中的应用已经发现了许多新的调控元件，定义了病毒RNA与细胞宿主相互作用并逃避宿主免疫应答的新原理，以及揭示了病毒进化与RNA结构之间的关系。这篇综述总结了我们目前对SHAPE结构探测所知的RNA病毒基因组结构-功能相互关系的理解，并概述了未来研究的机会。