Potyviridae is the largest family of plant-infecting RNA viruses, encompassing over 30% of known plant viruses. The family is closely related to animal picornaviruses such as enteroviruses and belongs to the picorna-like supergroup. Like all other picorna-like viruses, potyvirids employ polyprotein processing as a gene expression strategy and have single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes, most of which are monopartite with a long open reading frame. The potyvirid polyproteins are highly conserved in the central and carboxy-terminal regions. In contrast, the N-terminal region is hypervariable and contains position-specific mutations resulting from transcriptional slippage during viral replication, leading to translational frameshift to produce additional viral proteins essential for viral infection. Some potyvirids even lack one of the N-terminal proteins P1 or helper component-protease and have a genus-specific or species-specific protein instead. This review summarizes current knowledge about the conserved and divergent features of potyvirid genomes and biological relevance and discusses future research directions.

中文翻译：

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杯状病毒基因组高变N端区域的生物影响。

Potyviridae是最大的植物感染RNA病毒家族，涵盖了超过30％的已知植物病毒。该家族与诸如猪小肠病毒的动物小核糖核酸病毒密切相关，并且属于小核糖核酸样超家族。像所有其他类似picorna的病毒一样，potyvirids采用多蛋白加工作为基因表达策略，并具有单链，正向RNA RNA基因组，其中大多数是具有长开放阅读框的单部分。马铃薯疫病毒多蛋白在中央和羧基末端区域高度保守。相反，N端区域是高变的，并且包含病毒复制过程中转录滑动引起的位置特异性突变，导致翻译移码以产生病毒感染所必需的其他病毒蛋白。一些potyvirids甚至缺乏N末端蛋白P1或辅助成分蛋白酶之一，而是具有属特异性或种属特异性蛋白。这篇综述总结了关于马铃薯病毒基因组的保守和不同特征的当前知识以及生物学相关性，并讨论了未来的研究方向。