Since its discovery in 1976, Ebola virus (EBOV) has caused numerous outbreaks of fatal hemorrhagic disease in Africa. The biggest outbreak on record is the 2013-2016 epidemic in west Africa with almost 30,000 cases and over 11,000 fatalities, devastatingly affecting Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. The epidemic highlighted the need for licensed drugs or vaccines to quickly combat the disease. While at the beginning of the epidemic no licensed countermeasures were available, several experimental drugs with preclinical efficacy were accelerated into human clinical trials and used to treat patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD) toward the end of the epidemic. In the same manner, vaccines with preclinical efficacy were administered primarily to known contacts of EVD patients on clinical trial protocols using a ring-vaccination strategy. In this review, we describe the pathogenesis of EBOV and summarize the current status of EBOV vaccine development and treatment of EVD.

中文翻译：

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埃博拉病毒：发病机理和对策发展。

自1976年发现以来，埃博拉病毒（EBOV）已在非洲引起许多致命出血性疾病的暴发。有记录以来最大的爆发是西非2013-2016年的流行病，有近30,000例病例和11,000多例死亡，严重影响了几内亚，利比里亚和塞拉利昂。该流行病突出表明，需要有许可的药物或疫苗来快速抵抗这种疾病。尽管在流行开始时尚无获得许可的对策，但几种具有临床前功效的实验药物已加速进入人类临床试验，并在流行结束时用于治疗埃博拉病毒病（EVD）的患者。以同样的方式，具有临床前功效的疫苗主要是通过环形疫苗接种策略在临床试验方案中向EVD患者的已知接触者给药的。