OBJECTIVES To determine occurrence of residual rotavirus (RV) disease in different age groups in Finland after five to nine years of high coverage (≥90%) mass-vaccination with RotaTeqⓇ vaccine, and to examine the vaccine effect on circulating genotypes. METHODS Since 2013 all clinical laboratories in the country were obliged to send RV positive stool samples for typing. RVs were genotyped by RT-PCR for VP7 and VP4 proteins, sequenced and compared to reference strains. RESULTS RV continued to circulate throughout the study period at low level with a small increase in 2017-2018. There were three age-related clusters: young children representing primary or secondary vaccine failures, school-age children who may not have been vaccinated, and the elderly. Genotype distribution differed from the pre-vaccination period with a steady decline of G1P[8], emergence of G9P[8] and especially more recently G12P[8]. In the elderly, G2P[4] was predominant but was also replaced by G12P[8] in 2017-18. CONCLUSIONS RV vaccination with a high coverage keeps RV disease at low level but does not prevent RV circulation. New RV genotypes have emerged replacing largely the previously predominant G1P[8]. Increase of overall RV activity with emergence of G12P[8] in the latest follow-up season 2017-18 might be a potential alarm sign.

中文翻译：

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尽管在芬兰进行了高覆盖率的轮状病毒疫苗接种，但儿童和成人中的轮状病毒仍在继续流通。

目的确定在RotaTeq®疫苗高覆盖率（≥90％）大规模接种后五到九年（≥90％），在芬兰不同年龄组中残留轮状病毒（RV）疾病的发生，并检查疫苗对循环基因型的影响。方法自2013年以来，该国所有临床实验室都必须发送RV阳性粪便样本进行分型。通过RT-PCR对RVs进行VP7和VP4蛋白基因分型，对RVs进行测序并与参考菌株进行比较。结果RV在整个研究期间持续低水平流通，在2017-2018年间略有增加。有三个与年龄有关的类别：代表一级或二级疫苗失败的幼儿，未接种疫苗的学龄儿童和老年人。基因型分布与疫苗接种前有所不同，G1P持续下降[8]，G9P [8]的出现，尤其是最近出现的G12P [8]。在老年人中，G2P [4]占主导地位，但在2017-18年度也被G12P [8]取代。结论高覆盖率的RV疫苗可将RV疾病保持在较低水平，但不能阻止RV循环。已经出现了新的RV基因型，大大取代了以前占主导地位的G1P [8]。在2017-18的最新随访季节中，随着G12P [8]的出现，RV总体活动增加可能是一个潜在的警报信号。