Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies in women, and ranks as the sixth in morbidity and third in mortality worldwide. In 2012 it was reported that 320,000 new cases were diagnosed and 76,000 deaths resulted from the disease.¹ Epidemiological investigations have revealed that the majority of EC occurs after menopause. Approximately 40% of incidences are associated with obesity, and other risk factors documented include excessive estrogen exposure, high blood pressure, and diabetes.² In addition, approximately 2–5% of patients have been identified with specific genomic mutations in the mismatch repair pathway.³ EC is histologically categorized into endometrioid, serous and clear-cell subtypes.⁴ Diagnosis of this disease is frequently achieved by endometrial biopsy or sampling during procedures such as dilation and curettage. Despite the insufficiency in accuracy and reliability, pap smear serves as a typical method for screening purposes. Currently, abdominal hysterectomy is still the leading treatment option for EC. For more advanced disease stages, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, combined with hormone therapy, or not, are also recommended.⁵ The overall prognosis of EC is relatively favorable with a five-year survival rate in the USA greater than 80%.

中文翻译：

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长链非编码 RNA LSINCT5 通过 HMGA2 促进 Wnt/β-catenin 信号通路促进子宫内膜癌细胞增殖、周期和侵袭

子宫内膜癌（EC）是女性最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一，在全球发病率和死亡率中排名第六。据报道，2012 年新诊断病例 320,000 例，死亡 76,000 人。¹流行病学调查表明，大多数 EC 发生在绝经后。大约 40% 的发病率与肥胖有关，其他已记录的风险因素包括过量的雌激素暴露、高血压和糖尿病。²此外，大约 2-5% 的患者在错配修复途径中发现有特定的基因组突变。³ EC 在组织学上分为子宫内膜样、浆液性和透明细胞亚型。⁴这种疾病的诊断通常通过子宫内膜活检或在诸如扩张和刮宫等手术过程中进行取样来实现。尽管准确性和可靠性不足，但巴氏涂片仍是一种典型的筛查方法。目前，腹式子宫切除术仍然是EC的主要治疗选择。对于更晚期的疾病阶段，还建议使用放疗、化疗、联合或不联合激素治疗。⁵ EC 的总体预后相对较好，在美国的 5 年生存率超过 80%。