Abstract With the growing need for sustainable energy technologies, advanced characterization methods become more and more critical for optimizing energy materials and understanding their operation mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the synchrotron-based X-ray imaging technologies and the associated applications in gaining fundamental insights into the physical/chemical properties and reaction mechanisms of energy materials. We will discuss a few major X-ray imaging technologies, including X-ray projection imaging, transmission X-ray microscopy, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy, tender and soft X-ray imaging, and coherent diffraction imaging. Researchers can choose from various X-ray imaging techniques with different working principles based on research goals and sample specifications. With the X-ray imaging techniques, we can obtain the morphology, phase, lattice and strain information of energy materials in both 2D and 3D in an intuitive way. In addition, with the high-penetration X-rays and the high-brilliance synchrotron sources, operando/in-situ experiments can be designed to track the qualitative and quantitative changes of the samples during operation. We expect this review can broaden readers’ view on X-ray imaging techniques and inspire new ideas and possibilities in energy materials research.

中文翻译：

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用于能源材料的新兴 X 射线成像技术

摘要 随着对可持续能源技术的需求不断增长，先进的表征方法对于优化能源材料和了解其运行机制变得越来越重要。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注基于同步加速器的 X 射线成像技术及其在获得对能源材料物理/化学性质和反应机制的基本见解方面的相关应用。我们将讨论一些主要的 X 射线成像技术，包括 X 射线投影成像、透射 X 射线显微镜、扫描透射 X 射线显微镜、嫩和软 X 射线成像以及相干衍射成像。研究人员可以根据研究目标和样品规格，从具有不同工作原理的各种 X 射线成像技术中进行选择。借助 X 射线成像技术，我们可以直观地获得2D和3D能源材料的形貌、相、晶格和应变信息。此外，借助高穿透X射线和高亮度同步辐射源，可设计操作/原位实验，跟踪样品在操作过程中的定性和定量变化。我们希望这篇综述能拓宽读者对 X 射线成像技术的看法，并激发能源材料研究的新思路和可能性。