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The DNA damage response to transcription stress.
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology ( IF 81.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-26 , DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0169-4
Hannes Lans 1 , Jan H J Hoeijmakers 1, 2, 3 , Wim Vermeulen 1 , Jurgen A Marteijn 1
Affiliation  

The spatiotemporal control of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-mediated gene transcription is tightly and intricately regulated. In addition, preservation of the integrity of the DNA template is required so as to ensure unperturbed transcription, particularly since DNA is continually challenged by different types of damaging agents that can form transcription-blocking DNA lesions (TBLs), which impede transcription elongation and cause transcription stress. To overcome the highly cytotoxic effects of TBLs, an intricate cellular response has evolved, in which the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) pathway has a central role in removing TBLs specifically from the transcribed strand. Damage detection by stalling of the transcribing Pol II is highly efficient, but a stalled Pol II complex may create an even bigger problem by interfering with repair of the lesions, and overall with transcription and replication. In this Review, we discuss the effects of different types of DNA damage on Pol II, important concepts of transcription stress, the manner in which TBLs are removed by TC-NER and how different tissues respond to TBLs. We also discuss the role of TBLs in ageing and the complex genotype-phenotype correlations of TC-NER hereditary disorders.

中文翻译:

DNA损伤对转录应激的反应。

RNA聚合酶II(Pol II)介导的基因转录的时空控制受到严格而复杂的调控。此外,需要保留DNA模板的完整性,以确保转录不受干扰,尤其是因为DNA不断受到不同类型的破坏剂的挑战,这些破坏剂会形成阻止转录的DNA损伤(TBL),从而阻碍转录延长并引起转录障碍。转录压力。为了克服TBL的高度细胞毒性作用,已经发展了复杂的细胞应答,其中转录偶联核苷酸切除修复(TC-NER)途径在从转录链中特异性去除TBL中起着核心作用。通过转录Pol II的停顿来进行损害检测非常高效,但是停滞的Pol II复合物可能会通过干扰病变的修复以及整体转录和复制而产生更大的问题。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了不同类型的DNA损伤对Pol II的影响,转录应激的重要概念,TC-NER去除TBL的方式以及不同组织如何响应TBL。我们还讨论了TBLs在衰老中的作用以及TC-NER遗传性疾病的复杂基因型-表型相关性。
更新日期:2019-09-26
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