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The use of bluetooth low energy Beacon systems to estimate indirect personal exposure to household air pollution.
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-26 , DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0172-z
Jiawen Liao 1 , John P McCracken 2 , Ricardo Piedrahita 3 , Lisa Thompson 1, 4 , Erick Mollinedo 2 , Eduardo Canuz 2 , Oscar De Léon 2 , Anaité Díaz-Artiga 2 , Michael Johnson 3 , Maggie Clark 5 , Ajay Pillarisetti 6 , Katherine Kearns 7 , Luke Naeher 7 , Kyle Steenland 1 , William Checkley 8, 9 , Jennifer Peel 5 , Thomas F Clasen 1 ,
Affiliation  

Household air pollution (HAP) generated from solid fuel combustion is a major health risk. Direct measurement of exposure to HAP is burdensome and challenging, particularly for children. In a pilot study of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial in rural Guatemala, we evaluated an indirect exposure assessment method that employs fixed continuous PM2.5 monitors, Bluetooth signal receivers in multiple microenvironments (kitchen, sleeping area and outdoor patio), and a wearable signal emitter to track an individual's time within those microenvironments. Over a four-month period, we measured microenvironmental locations and reconstructed indirect PM2.5 exposures for women and children during two 24-h periods before and two periods after a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove and fuel intervention delivered to 20 households cooking with woodstoves. Women wore personal PM2.5 monitors to compare direct with indirect exposure measurements. Indirect exposure measurements had high correlation with direct measurements (n = 62, Spearman ρ = 0.83, PM2.5 concentration range: 5-528 µg/m3). Indirect exposure had better agreement with direct exposure measurements (bias: -17 µg/m3) than did kitchen area measurements (bias: -89 µg/m3). Our findings demonstrate that indirect exposure reconstruction is a feasible approach to estimate personal exposure when direct assessment is not possible.

中文翻译:


使用蓝牙低能耗信标系统来估计个人间接接触家庭空气污染的情况。



固体燃料燃烧产生的家庭空气污染(HAP)是主要的健康风险。直接测量 HAP 暴露是一项繁重且具有挑战性的工作,特别是对于儿童而言。在危地马拉农村地区的家庭空气污染干预网络 (HAPIN) 试验的试点研究中,我们评估了一种间接暴露评估方法,该方法在多个微环境(厨房、睡眠区和室外露台)中采用固定式连续 PM2.5 监测仪和蓝牙信号接收器,以及一个可穿戴信号发射器,用于跟踪个人在这些微环境中的时间。在四个月的时间里,我们测量了微环境位置并重建了妇女和儿童在使用液化石油气 (LPG) 炉灶和燃料干预之前的两个 24 小时期间和之后的两个时期间接 PM2.5 暴露情况,并为 20 个家庭提供烹饪燃料柴火炉。女性佩戴个人 PM2.5 监测仪来比较直接和间接暴露测量结果。间接暴露测量与直接测量具有高度相关性(n = 62,Spearman ρ = 0.83,PM2.5 浓度范围:5-528 µg/m3)。与厨房区域测量(偏差:-89 µg/m3)相比,间接暴露与直接暴露测量(偏差:-17 µg/m3)具有更好的一致性。我们的研究结果表明,当无法进行直接评估时,间接暴露重建是估计个人暴露的可行方法。
更新日期:2019-09-26
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