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Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Swimming in Sewage Impacted Waters Using CrAssphage and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus in a Customizable Model
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00468 Katherine Crank 1 , Sarah Petersen 2 , Kyle Bibby 1
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00468 Katherine Crank 1 , Sarah Petersen 2 , Kyle Bibby 1
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Fecal indicator bacteria currently employed for microbial water quality management are poor representatives of viruses. Viral water quality indicators have recently been proposed based on the human gut bacteriophage crAssphage and the food virus pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) due to their high abundance in sewage and association to human waste. Here, we develop a model relating crAssphage and PMMoV abundance to the risk of swimmer illness in a recreational water contaminated with fresh, untreated domestic sewage. This model, entitled QMRAswim, is available via a Web-based user interface and is generalizable to any indicator or pathogen. The majority of predicted illnesses from exposure to untreated domestic sewage-contaminated water were attributable to viruses, primarily norovirus. The mean crAssphage and PMMoV concentrations correlating with 30 illnesses per 1000 bathers were 4648 GC/100 mL and 5054 GC/100 mL, respectively, approximately 50 times their standard detection limit. This study reaffirms the importance of monitoring viral water quality to adequately protect public health, suggests the high potential of both crAssphage and PMMoV for this application, and establishes a basis to relate viral indicator abundance with probability of illness due to viral pathogens.
中文翻译：
在可定制模型中使用CrAssphage和胡椒轻度斑驳病毒在受到污水影响的水中游泳的微生物风险定量评估
目前用于微生物水质管理的粪便指示菌是病毒的代表。病毒水质指标近来已被提出，基于人类肠道噬菌体噬菌体和食物病毒辣椒轻度斑驳病毒（PMMoV），因为它们在污水中含量高并且与人类废物相关。在这里，我们开发了一个模型，该模型在被新鲜的未经处理的生活污水污染的娱乐用水中，将卵形噬菌体和PMMoV的丰度与游泳者患病的风险相关联。可通过基于Web的用户界面使用名为QMRAswim的模型，并将其推广到任何指标或病原体。暴露于未经处理的生活污水中的大多数预测疾病均归因于病毒，主要是诺如病毒。每1000个入浴者中有30种疾病与之相关的平均胆囊炎和PMMoV浓度分别为4648 GC / 100 mL和5054 GC / 100 mL，约为其标准检出限的50倍。这项研究重申了监测病毒水质以充分保护公众健康的重要性，并暗示了卵噬菌体和PMMoV在此应用中的巨大潜力，并建立了将病毒指示剂丰度与病毒病原体引起疾病的可能性联系起来的基础。
更新日期：2019-09-23
中文翻译：
在可定制模型中使用CrAssphage和胡椒轻度斑驳病毒在受到污水影响的水中游泳的微生物风险定量评估
目前用于微生物水质管理的粪便指示菌是病毒的代表。病毒水质指标近来已被提出，基于人类肠道噬菌体噬菌体和食物病毒辣椒轻度斑驳病毒（PMMoV），因为它们在污水中含量高并且与人类废物相关。在这里，我们开发了一个模型，该模型在被新鲜的未经处理的生活污水污染的娱乐用水中，将卵形噬菌体和PMMoV的丰度与游泳者患病的风险相关联。可通过基于Web的用户界面使用名为QMRAswim的模型，并将其推广到任何指标或病原体。暴露于未经处理的生活污水中的大多数预测疾病均归因于病毒，主要是诺如病毒。每1000个入浴者中有30种疾病与之相关的平均胆囊炎和PMMoV浓度分别为4648 GC / 100 mL和5054 GC / 100 mL，约为其标准检出限的50倍。这项研究重申了监测病毒水质以充分保护公众健康的重要性，并暗示了卵噬菌体和PMMoV在此应用中的巨大潜力，并建立了将病毒指示剂丰度与病毒病原体引起疾病的可能性联系起来的基础。
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