A large body of evidence has demonstrated that exposure to childhood maltreatment at any stage of development can have long-lasting consequences. It is associated with a marked increase in risk for psychiatric and medical disorders. This review summarizes the literature investigating the effects of childhood maltreatment on disease vulnerability for mood disorders, specifically summarizing cross-sectional and more recent longitudinal studies demonstrating that childhood maltreatment is more prevalent and is associated with increased risk for first mood episode, episode recurrence, greater comorbidities, and increased risk for suicidal ideation and attempts in individuals with mood disorders. It summarizes the persistent alterations associated with childhood maltreatment, including alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and inflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to disease vulnerability and a more pernicious disease course. The authors discuss several candidate genes and environmental factors (for example, substance use) that may alter disease vulnerability and illness course and neurobiological associations that may mediate these relationships following childhood maltreatment. Studies provide insight into modifiable mechanisms and provide direction to improve both treatment and prevention strategies.

中文翻译：

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虐待和忽视儿童的毁灭性临床后果：疾病易感性和疾病反应中不良反应的增加。

大量证据表明，在任何发展阶段暴露于童年虐待都可能造成长期后果。它与精神病和医学疾病的风险显着增加有关。这篇综述总结了调查儿童虐待对情绪障碍疾病易感性的影响的文献，特别是总结了横断面研究和最新的纵向研究，这些研究表明儿童虐待更普遍并且与首次情绪发作，发作复发，更大的风险增加相关合并症，以及有情绪障碍的人自杀意念和尝试的风险增加。它总结了与儿童期虐待相关的持续性变化，包括下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的改变和炎性细胞因子，这可能导致疾病易感性和更有害的病程。作者讨论了可能改变疾病易感性和疾病进程的几种候选基因和环境因素（例如，物质使用）以及在儿童期虐待后可能介导这些关系的神经生物学关联。研究提供了可修改机制的见解，并为改善治疗和预防策略提供了方向。药物使用）可能会改变疾病的易感性和疾病进程，以及在儿童期受到虐待后可能介导这些关系的神经生物学联系。研究提供了可修改机制的见解，并为改善治疗和预防策略提供了方向。药物使用）可能会改变疾病的易感性和疾病进程，以及在儿童期受到虐待后可能介导这些关系的神经生物学联系。研究提供了可修改机制的见解，并为改善治疗和预防策略提供了方向。