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Impact of storm propagation speed on coastal flood hazard induced by offshore storms in the North Sea
Ocean Modelling ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2019.101472
Xiaoyan Wei , Jennifer M. Brown , Joanne Williams , Peter D. Thorne , Megan E. Williams , Laurent O. Amoudry

Abstract Storm propagation speed (SPS) can noticeably impact coastal floods around semi-closed basins influenced by extratropical offshore storms. As a case study, the SPS impact on potential flood hazards due to extreme water levels along the UK east coast was studied using a numerical shelf sea model (FVCOM). The storm Xaver, which caused the largest North Sea surge over the past 60 years, was studied as a base scenario. Halving/doubling the SPS results in a smaller surge and a longer/shorter surge duration. Hence, the largest peak water level was found at actual speed, while the largest potential flood hazard occurred at half speed. Tide–surge interaction tends to reduce the M2 tide along the coast and advance its propagation for all SPS. A three-dimensional semi-analytical model, including a time-periodic wind forcing, was used to investigate the dominant mechanisms behind the surge dynamics, where wind duration is directly related to the SPS. Long wind durations correspond to small SPS, and vice versa. The semi-analytical model was applied to the North Sea. The model reproduces the spatial features of the North Sea surge and its dependence on SPS, confirming the surge induced by offshore storms is primarily associated with wind set-up. Model results suggest the SPS of Xaver is likely to have contributed greatly to the occurrence of the largest North Sea surge due to wind-generated resonance. The impact of the SPS on the surge and tide–surge interaction are of great importance to coastal flood hazard assessment.

中文翻译:

风暴传播速度对北海近海风暴诱发沿海洪水灾害的影响

摘要 风暴传播速度(SPS)可以显着影响受温带近海风暴影响的半封闭盆地周围的沿海洪水。作为案例研究,使用数值陆架海模型 (FVCOM) 研究了 SPS 对英国东海岸极端水位造成的潜在洪水灾害的影响。风暴 Xaver 在过去 60 年中造成了最大的北海潮汐,被作为基本情景进行研究。将 SPS 减半/加倍会导致更小的浪涌和更长/更短的浪涌持续时间。因此,最大峰值水位出现在实际速度下,而最大的潜在洪水灾害发生在半速时。潮汐相互作用趋向于减少沿海岸的 M2 潮汐并促进其在所有 SPS 中的传播。一个三维半解析模型,包括一个时间周期的风力强迫,用于研究浪涌动力学背后的主要机制,其中风持续时间与 SPS 直接相关。长风持续时间对应于小 SPS,反之亦然。半解析模型应用于北海。该模型再现了北海浪涌的空间特征及其对 SPS 的依赖,证实了海上风暴引起的浪涌主要与风力设置有关。模型结果表明 Xaver 的 SPS 很可能对由于风产生的共振而导致的最大北海浪涌的发生做出了很大贡献。SPS 对涌浪和潮汐相互作用的影响对沿海洪水灾害评估非常重要。反之亦然。半解析模型应用于北海。该模型再现了北海浪涌的空间特征及其对 SPS 的依赖,证实了海上风暴引起的浪涌主要与风力设置有关。模型结果表明 Xaver 的 SPS 很可能对由于风产生的共振而导致的最大北海浪涌的发生做出了很大贡献。SPS 对涌浪和潮汐相互作用的影响对沿海洪水灾害评估非常重要。反之亦然。半解析模型应用于北海。该模型再现了北海浪涌的空间特征及其对 SPS 的依赖,证实了海上风暴引起的浪涌主要与风力设置有关。模型结果表明 Xaver 的 SPS 很可能对由于风产生的共振而导致的最大北海浪涌的发生做出了很大贡献。SPS 对涌浪和潮汐相互作用的影响对沿海洪水灾害评估非常重要。模型结果表明 Xaver 的 SPS 很可能对由于风产生的共振而导致的最大北海浪涌的发生做出了很大贡献。SPS 对涌浪和潮汐相互作用的影响对沿海洪水灾害评估非常重要。模型结果表明 Xaver 的 SPS 很可能对由于风产生的共振而导致的最大北海浪涌的发生做出了很大贡献。SPS 对涌浪和潮汐相互作用的影响对沿海洪水灾害评估非常重要。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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