Oxygen Reduction Reactions on Single‐ or Few‐Atom Discrete Active Sites for Heterogeneous Catalysis,Advanced Energy Materials

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Oxygen Reduction Reactions on Single‐ or Few‐Atom Discrete Active Sites for Heterogeneous Catalysis
Advanced Energy Materials ( IF 24.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-19 , DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201902084
Tiva Sharifi ₁ , Eduardo Gracia‐Espino ₁ , Anran Chen ₂ , Guangzhi Hu _{1,

2} , Thomas Wågberg ₁

Affiliation

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great importance in energy‐converting processes such as fuel cells and in metal–air batteries and is vital to facilitate the transition toward a nonfossil dependent society. The ORR has been associated with expensive noble metal catalysts that facilitate the O₂ adsorption, dissociation, and subsequent electron transfer. Single‐ or few‐atom motifs based on earth‐abundant transition metals, such as Fe, Co, and Mo, combined with nonmetallic elements, such as P, S, and N, embedded in a carbon‐based matrix represent one of the most promising alternatives. Often these are referred to as single atom catalysts; however, the coordination number of the metal atom as well as the type and nearest neighbor configuration has a strong influence on the function of the active sites, and a more adequate term to describe them is metal‐coordinated motifs. Despite intense research, their function and catalytic mechanism still puzzle researchers. They are not molecular systems with discrete energy states; neither can they fully be described by theories that are adapted for heterogeneous bulk catalysts. Here, recent results on single‐ and few‐atom electrocatalyst motifs are reviewed with an emphasis on reports discussing the function and the mechanism of the active sites.

中文翻译：

异质催化在单原子或几原子离散活性位上的氧还原反应

氧还原反应（ORR）在诸如燃料电池和金属-空气电池之类的能量转换过程中非常重要，对于促进向非化石依赖性社会的过渡至关重要。ORR与促进O _2的昂贵贵金属催化剂有关吸附，离解和随后的电子转移。基于富含地球的过渡金属（例如Fe，Co和Mo）的单原子或很少原子基序，以及嵌入基于碳的基质中的非金属元素（例如P，S和N）的组合，是其中最多的一种有前途的替代方案。通常，这些被称为单原子催化剂。然而，金属原子的配位数，类型和最近邻构型对活性位点的功能有很大的影响，而更恰当的描述它们的术语是金属配位的基序。尽管进行了深入的研究，但它们的功能和催化机制仍然困扰着研究人员。它们不是具有离散能量状态的分子系统。它们也不能通过适用于非均相本体催化剂的理论来充分描述。这里，

更新日期：2020-03-19

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