MXenes constitute a family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides. Discovered in 2011, the number of MXenes has expanded significantly and more than 20 different MXenes have been synthesized, with many more predicted from theoretical calculations. MXenes constitute an exceptional family of materials based on their availability for elemental alloying and control of surface terminations, which enables synthesis of a range of structures and chemistries. Consequently, the MXenes exhibit an unparalleled potential for tuning of the materials properties for a wide range of applications. At present, MXenes have emerged with astonishing electronic, optical, plasmonic and thermoelectric properties. This has resulted in a global surge of research around a wide variety of applications, including but not limited to energy storage, carbon capture, electromagnetic interference shielding, reinforcement for composites, water filtering, sensors, and photo-, electro- and chemical catalysis etc. In this review, we present the available state of the art tailoring of the MXene properties owing to recent advances in structural ordering and tuning of surface terminations.

MXene构成一维二维过渡金属碳化物，碳氮化物和氮化物。发现于2011年的MXene数量已大大增加，已经合成了20多种不同的MXene，其中有更多来自理论计算的预测。MXene基于其可用于元素合金化和控制表面终止的可用性而构成了特殊的材料系列，从而能够合成各种结构和化学物质。因此，MXenes具有无与伦比的潜力，可用于广泛应用的材料性能调整。目前，MXenes具有惊人的电子，光学，等离激元和热电性质。这导致了围绕各种应用的全球研究热潮，