Commodity thermoplastics and thermoplastic composites are staples in Additive Manufacturing (AM). Their use is widespread and accounts for the largest volume of 3D printed materials. Accessible property ranges of current material formulations are limited, and thus there is high interest in extending AM to high-performance engineering polymers and nanocomposites that have yet to gain wide commercial acceptance in AM. Current applications of high-performance thermoplastic polymers are limited to adaptations from conventional plastics processing such as injection molding, thermoforming, extrusion, and others. Thermoplastic composites can be categorized into particle-, fiber-, and nanomaterial-based composites as well as polymer blends. The importance of these different composite systems to AM is discussed in this review. Also reviewed are trends in instrument development such as in-nozzle impregnation, dual print heads, and higher temperature FDM that improve printing of thermoplastic composites. An overview of newer types of AM techniques allowing higher filler loading for thermoplastic composites like liquid deposition modeling (LDM) sometimes known as direct ink writing (DIW) are discussed. Finally, a perspective is given on the important parameters and standards needed to make AM printed objects from polymer composites more effective in cost/performance ratio.

商品热塑性塑料和热塑性复合材料是增材制造（AM）中的主要原料。它们的使用非常广泛，占了3D打印材料的最大数量。当前材料配方的可达性范围受到限制，因此，人们非常关注将AM扩展到尚未在AM中获得广泛商业认可的高性能工程聚合物和纳米复合材料。高性能热塑性聚合物的当前应用仅限于对常规塑料加工（例如注塑，热成型，挤压等）的修改。热塑性复合材料可分为基于颗粒，纤维和纳米材料的复合材料以及聚合物共混物。本文将讨论这些不同的复合系统对增材制造的重要性。还回顾了仪器开发的趋势，例如喷嘴内浸渍，双打印头和提高热塑性复合材料打印质量的高温FDM。讨论了新型AM技术的概述，该技术可为热塑性复合材料提供更高的填充量，例如液相沉积建模（LDM），有时也称为直接墨水书写（DIW）。最后，对使聚合物复合材料制成AM印刷品在成本/性能比方面更有效所需的重要参数和标准给出了看法。讨论了新型AM技术的概述，该技术可为热塑性复合材料提供更高的填充量，例如液相沉积建模（LDM），有时也称为直接墨水书写（DIW）。最后，对使聚合物复合材料制成AM印刷品在成本/性能比方面更有效所需的重要参数和标准给出了看法。讨论了新型AM技术的概述，该技术可为热塑性复合材料提供更高的填充量，例如液相沉积建模（LDM），有时也称为直接墨水书写（DIW）。最后，对使聚合物复合材料制成AM印刷品在成本/性能比方面更有效所需的重要参数和标准给出了看法。