Abstract In Latin America, as elsewhere, environmental and participatory rights have been expanding, and EIAs have been central to those efforts. In response, litigation against EIAs has increased as communities turn to the courts to exercise these rights, raising fears among developers that costs associated with EIAs and resulting litigation are excessive and a deterrent on economic growth. In many jurisdictions, including Chile and Colombia, these fears have prompted reforms to streamline EIA procedures. This study empirically examines the frequency and results of litigation against EIAs in Chile and Colombia for developers, communities, and state agencies. We compiled two databases of litigation against energy facilities that received EIA licenses between the 1990s/2000 (when EIAs were first required) and 2016. Because some, but not all, energy facilities are contested, this sector is ideal for examining litigation trends. Using descriptive and cross-tabular statistics, our analysis echoes recent research that finds that few EIAs are litigated in court. Litigation is a fundamental tool for civil society organizations seeking to safeguard environmental and participatory rights, although the number of cases invoking these rights remains smaller than for other reasons. Practices across Chile and Colombia differ regarding what kinds of cases individuals bring and the rate at which courts accept cases brought by civil society organizations or corporations. Past litigation trends also suggest that a shift towards renewable energy sources could lead to a decrease in litigation.

中文翻译：

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智利和哥伦比亚能源设施环评诉讼实证研究

摘要 在拉丁美洲，与其他地方一样，环境和参与权一直在扩大，而环境影响评估一直是这些努力的核心。作为回应，随着社区转向法院行使这些权利，针对环境影响评估的诉讼有所增加，这让开发商担心与环境影响评估相关的成本和由此产生的诉讼成本过高，并会阻碍经济增长。在包括智利和哥伦比亚在内的许多司法管辖区，这些担忧促使改革以简化 EIA 程序。本研究实证检验了智利和哥伦比亚开发商、社区和国家机构针对环境影响评估提起诉讼的频率和结果。我们编制了两个针对在 1990 年代/2000 年（首次需要 EIA 时）和 2016 年之间获得 EIA 许可证的能源设施的诉讼数据库。能源设施存在争议，该部门非常适合检查诉讼趋势。使用描述性和交叉表统计，我们的分析与最近的研究相呼应，该研究发现很少有环境影响评估在法庭上提起诉讼。诉讼是公民社会组织寻求维护环境和参与权的基本工具，尽管援引这些权利的案件数量仍然少于其他原因。智利和哥伦比亚的做法在个人提起的案件类型以及法院受理民间社会组织或公司提起的案件的速度方面存在差异。过去的诉讼趋势还表明，转向可再生能源可能会导致诉讼减少。使用描述性和交叉表统计，我们的分析与最近的研究相呼应，该研究发现很少有环境影响评估在法庭上提起诉讼。诉讼是公民社会组织寻求维护环境和参与权的基本工具，尽管援引这些权利的案件数量仍然少于其他原因。智利和哥伦比亚的做法在个人提起的案件类型以及法院受理民间社会组织或公司提起的案件的速度方面存在差异。过去的诉讼趋势还表明，转向可再生能源可能会导致诉讼减少。使用描述性和交叉表统计，我们的分析与最近的研究相呼应，该研究发现很少有环境影响评估在法庭上提起诉讼。诉讼是公民社会组织寻求维护环境和参与权的基本工具，尽管援引这些权利的案件数量仍然少于其他原因。智利和哥伦比亚的做法在个人提起的案件类型以及法院受理民间社会组织或公司提起的案件的速度方面存在差异。过去的诉讼趋势还表明，转向可再生能源可能会导致诉讼减少。诉讼是公民社会组织寻求维护环境和参与权的基本工具，尽管援引这些权利的案件数量仍然少于其他原因。智利和哥伦比亚的做法在个人提起的案件类型以及法院受理民间社会组织或公司提起的案件的速度方面存在差异。过去的诉讼趋势还表明，转向可再生能源可能会导致诉讼减少。诉讼是公民社会组织寻求维护环境和参与权的基本工具，尽管援引这些权利的案件数量仍然少于其他原因。智利和哥伦比亚的做法在个人提起的案件类型以及法院受理民间社会组织或公司提起的案件的速度方面存在差异。过去的诉讼趋势还表明，转向可再生能源可能会导致诉讼减少。