Supercritical fluid technology has emerged as a cost-effective and low-hazard alternative to solvent-based methodologies in polymer synthesis, pharmaceutical science, and related biomedical applications. In this review, we first briefly describe the distinctive features of a supercritical fluid, biodegradable polyesters, and lipases. We will then cover the latest progress of supercritical fluid technology in polymerization. Lipase-catalyzed polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC−CO₂) will be the focus of the synthesis section. The last section presents the biomedical applications employing SC−CO₂ polymerization, including microcapsule formation for drug delivery, microcellular scaffold fabrication, and SC−CO₂-assisted processes for polymer-based treatments, such as surface functionalization, aerogel formation, and fine particle formation. Each topic is illustrated with the most successful examples. Understanding the current progress in SC−CO₂ polymerization is an essential step to facilitate the exploration with this green technology in new research frontiers.

在聚合物合成，药物科学和相关生物医学应用中，超临界流体技术已成为一种经济高效且低危害的替代方法，可替代基于溶剂的方法。在这篇综述中，我们首先简要描述了超临界流体，可生物降解的聚酯和脂肪酶的独特特征。然后，我们将介绍超临界流体技术在聚合反应中的最新进展。超临界二氧化碳（SC-CO ₂）中脂肪酶催化的聚合反应将是合成部分的重点。最后一部分介绍了采用SC-CO ₂聚合的生物医学应用，包括用于药物输送的微胶囊形成，微细胞支架制造和SC-CO ₂辅助的基于聚合物的处理过程，例如表面功能化，气凝胶形成和细颗粒形成。每个主题都以最成功的示例进行说明。理解SC-CO ₂聚合反应的当前进展，是在新的研究领域中促进使用这种绿色技术进行探索的必不可少的步骤。