Reading, writing and erasing mRNA methylation.,Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology

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Reading, writing and erasing mRNA methylation.
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology ( IF 81.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-13 , DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0168-5
Sara Zaccara ₁ , Ryan J Ries ₁ , Samie R Jaffrey ₁

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RNA methylation to form N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in mRNA accounts for the most abundant mRNA internal modification and has emerged as a widespread regulatory mechanism that controls gene expression in diverse physiological processes. Transcriptome-wide m6A mapping has revealed the distribution and pattern of m6A in cellular RNAs, referred to as the epitranscriptome. These maps have revealed the specific mRNAs that are regulated by m6A, providing mechanistic links connecting m6A to cellular differentiation, cancer progression and other processes. The effects of m6A on mRNA are mediated by an expanding list of m6A readers and m6A writer-complex components, as well as potential erasers that currently have unclear relevance to m6A prevalence in the transcriptome. Here we review new and emerging methods to characterize and quantify the epitranscriptome, and we discuss new concepts - in some cases, controversies - regarding our understanding of the mechanisms and functions of m6A readers, writers and erasers.

中文翻译：

读取、写入和擦除 mRNA 甲基化。

RNA 甲基化在 mRNA 中形成 N6-甲基腺苷 (m6A) 是最丰富的 mRNA 内部修饰，并已成为控制多种生理过程中基因表达的广泛调控机制。全转录组 m6A 作图揭示了 m6A 在细胞 RNA（称为表观转录组）中的分布和模式。这些图谱揭示了 m6A 调节的特定 mRNA，提供了将 m6A 与细胞分化、癌症进展和其他过程连接起来的机制联系。m6A 对 mRNA 的影响是由不断扩大的 m6A reader 和 m6A writer-complex 组件以及目前与转录组中 m6A 流行率相关性尚不清楚的潜在擦除器介导的。在这里，我们回顾了表征和量化表观转录组的新兴方法，并讨论了关于我们对 m6A 读取器、写入器和擦除器的机制和功能的理解的新概念（在某些情况下是争议）。

更新日期：2019-09-14

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