Bacteria depend on two-component systems to detect and respond to threats. Simple pathways comprise a single sensor kinase (SK) that detects a signal and activates a response regulator protein to mediate an appropriate output. These simple pathways with only a single SK are not well suited to making complex decisions where multiple different stimuli need to be evaluated. A recently emerging theme is the existence of multikinase networks (MKNs) where multiple SKs collaborate to detect and integrate numerous different signals to regulate a major lifestyle switch, e.g., between virulence, sporulation, biofilm formation, and cell division. In this review, the role of MKNs and the phosphosignaling mechanisms underpinning their signal integration and decision making are explored.

中文翻译：

---

多激酶网络：集成多种刺激的双分量信号网络。

细菌依赖于双组分系统来检测和响应威胁。简单的途径包括检测信号并激活响应调节蛋白以介导适当输出的单个传感器激酶 (SK)。这些只有一个 SK 的简单途径不太适合做出需要评估多种不同刺激的复杂决策。最近出现的一个主题是多激酶网络 (MKN) 的存在，其中多个 SK 协作检测和整合许多不同的信号以调节主要的生活方式转换，例如，在毒力、孢子形成、生物膜形成和细胞分裂之间。在这篇综述中，探讨了 MKN 的作用以及支持其信号整合和决策制定的磷酸化信号机制。