2D materials (e.g., graphene, graphene analogues), with unique physical and chemical properties, shows intriguing potential for the realization of versatile biomedical applications. Tremendous attention has been attracted on 2D material based nanocarriers, which play a crucial role in therapeutic drug, gene, and biomedical agent delivery for cancer theranostics. This review provides an up-to-date review on the development of nanocarriers based on 2D materials beyond graphene, including basic and emerging synthesis methods, the catalog of 2D material-based nanocarriers, biosafety, surface functional engineering, the realization of stimuli-responsive controllable release and biomedical applications. Among the properties and performance to be summarized, there is particular focus on nanocarriers loading capability, biosafety, and therapy efficiency and so on. Finally, by addressing major issues and challenges, some prospects for future directions in this area are provided.

具有独特物理和化学特性的2D材料（例如，石墨烯，石墨烯类似物）显示出实现多功能生物医学应用的巨大潜力。基于二维材料的纳米载体引起了极大的关注，纳米载体在治疗药物，基因和生物医学药物的癌症治疗中发挥着至关重要的作用。这篇综述提供了有关除石墨烯以外的基于2D材料的纳米载体开发的最新评论，包括基本和新兴的合成方法，基于2D材料的纳米载体的目录，生物安全性，表面功能工程，对刺激响应的实现可控的释放和生物医学应用。在要概述的特性和性能中，特别关注纳米载体的负载能力，生物安全性，和治疗效率等等。最后，通过解决主要问题和挑战，为该领域的未来发展方向提供了一些前景。