Metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) is a technique for manipulating cellular metabolism to modulate glycosylation. MGE is used to increase the levels of natural glycans and, more importantly, to install non-natural monosaccharides into glycoconjugates. In this Review, we summarize the chemistry underlying MGE that has been developed over the past three decades and highlight several recent advances that have set the stage for clinical translation. In anticipation of near-term application to human healthcare, we describe emerging efforts to deploy MGE in diverse applications, ranging from the glycoengineering of biotherapeutic proteins and the diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases such as cancer to the development of new immunotherapies.

代谢糖工程（MGE）是一种操纵细胞代谢以调节糖基化的技术。MGE用于增加天然聚糖的水平，更重要的是，用于将非天然单糖安装到糖结合物中。在本综述中，我们总结了过去三十年中开发的MGE的化学基础，并重点介绍了为临床翻译奠定基础的最新进展。预期将在不久的将来应用于人类医疗保健，我们描述了在各种应用中部署MGE的新兴工作，包括生物治疗蛋白的糖工程化，癌症等复杂疾病的诊断和治疗，以及新免疫疗法的开发。