Sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) fungi produce superficial, dark-colored colonies on fruits, stems, and leaves of many plant genera. These blemishes are economically damaging on fruit, primarily apple and pear, because they reduce the sale price of fresh fruit. Fungicide spray programs can control SBFS but are costly and impair human and environmental health; thus, less chemically intensive management strategies are needed. Although the scientific study of SBFS fungi began nearly 200 years ago, recent DNA-driven studies revealed an unexpectedly diverse complex: more than 100 species in 30 genera of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Analysis of evolutionary phylogenetics and phylogenomics indicates that the evolution of SBFS fungi from plant-penetrating ancestors to noninvasive ectophytic parasites was accompanied by a massive contraction of pathogenicity-related genes, including plant cell wall-degrading enzymes and effectors, and an expansion of cuticle-degradation genes. This article reviews progress in understanding SBFS taxonomy and ecology and improving disease management. We also highlight recent breakthroughs in reconstructing the evolutionary origins of these unusual plant pathogens and delineating adaptations to their ectophytic niche.

中文翻译：

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隐形病原体：煤烟斑和蝇蝇真菌复合体。

煤烟斑和蝇斑（SBFS）真菌在许多植物属的果实，茎和叶上产生浅色的深色菌落。这些污点在经济上损害了水果（主要是苹果和梨），因为它们降低了新鲜水果的销售价格。杀真菌剂喷洒程序可以控制SBFS，但成本高昂，损害人类和环境健康；因此，需要较少的化学密集型管理策略。尽管对SBFS真菌的科学研究始于近200年前，但最近的DNA驱动研究揭示了意想不到的多样性：在子囊菌（Ascomycota）和担子菌属（Basidiomycota）的30个属中有100多种。对进化系统发育学和系统基因组学的分析表明，SBFS真菌从穿透植物的祖先向无创的外生寄生虫的进化伴随着致病性相关基因的大量收缩，包括植物细胞壁降解酶和效应子，以及表皮的扩展。降解基因。本文回顾了在了解SBFS分类学和生态学以及改善疾病管理方面的进展。我们还着重介绍了在重建这些异常植物病原体的进化起源以及描述对它们的原生生态位的适应性方面的最新突破。