Drastic epigenetic reprogramming occurs during human gametogenesis and early embryo development. Advances in low-input and single-cell epigenetic techniques have provided powerful tools to dissect the genome-wide dynamics of different epigenetic molecular layers in these processes. In this review, we focus mainly on the most recent progress in understanding the dynamics of DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, and histone modifications in human gametogenesis and early embryo development. Deficiencies in remodeling of the epigenomes can cause severe developmental defects, infertility, and long-term health issues in offspring. Aspects of the external environment, including assisted reproductive technology procedures, parental diets, and unhealthy parental habits, may disturb the epigenetic reprogramming processes and lead to an aberrant epigenome in the offspring. Here, we review the current knowledge of the potential risk factors of aberrant epigenomes in humans.

中文翻译：

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人配子和早期胚胎发育过程中的表观遗传调控和危险因素。

大量的表观遗传重编程发生在人类配子发生和早期胚胎发育过程中。低投入和单细胞表观遗传技术的进步为剖析这些过程中不同表观遗传分子层的全基因组动力学提供了强大的工具。在这篇综述中，我们主要集中在了解人类配子发生和早期胚胎发育中DNA甲基化，染色质可及性和组蛋白修饰的动力学方面的最新进展。表观基因组的重塑缺陷会导致后代严重的发育缺陷，不育和长期健康问题。外部环境的各个方面，包括辅助生殖技术程序，父母的饮食习惯和不健康的父母习惯，可能会干扰表观遗传重编程过程，并导致后代出现异常的表观基因组。在这里，我们回顾了人类异常表观基因组的潜在危险因素的当前知识。