INTRODUCTION Micropollutants are increasingly monitored as their presence in the environment is rising due to human activities, and they are potential threats to living organisms. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at understanding the role of plants in xenobiotics removal from polluted environments by following xenobiotics metabolism in leaf tissues. METHODS Different classes of micropollutants were investigated using liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to quadrupole-time of flight (Q-TOF) high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The tissue localization of xenobiotics in the leaves of a spontaneous (not planted by humans) Salix alba growing near the water flux was further investigated using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). RESULTS The LC-Q-TOF analysis revealed the distribution of micropollutants in three different compartments of a tertiary treatment wetland. When further investing the metabolic profile of S. alba leaves using MSI, different distribution patterns were observed in specific leaf tissues. Xenobiotic metabolites were predicted and could also be tentatively identified in S. alba leaves, shedding new light on the metabolic processes at play in leaves to manage xenobiotics uptake from a polluted environment. CONCLUSION Using complementary metabolomics approaches, this study performed a large-scale exploration of micropollutants spreading in the environment at the exit of a tertiary treatment wetland. The use of MSI coupled with the prediction of xenobiotic metabolites yielded novel insights into plant metabolism during chronical exposure to low doses of a mixture of micropollutants.

中文翻译：

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质谱成像未发现柳柳叶片中的异源生物代谢。

引言随着人类活动的增加，环境中存在的微量污染物越来越多，它们是对活生物体的潜在威胁。目的本研究旨在通过跟踪叶片组织中的异源生物代谢来了解植物在污染环境中异源生物清除中的作用。方法使用液相色谱（LC）结合四极杆飞行时间（Q-TOF）高分辨率质谱（HRMS）研究了不同类别的微污染物。使用基质辅助激光解吸电离（MALDI）质谱成像（MSI）进一步研究了自发（未人工种植）白柳（Salix alba）在水流附近生长的异源生物的组织定位。结果LC-Q-TOF分析揭示了三级处理湿地中三个不同隔室中的微污染物分布。当使用MSI进一步研究白叶念珠菌的代谢特性时，在特定的叶片组织中观察到了不同的分布模式。异种生物的代谢产物是可以预测的，也可以初步鉴定出在S. alba叶片中，从而为叶片在代谢过程中的代谢提供了新的思路，以管理污染环境中异种生物的吸收。结论使用补充代谢组学方法，本研究对三级处理湿地出口处环境中扩散的微污染物进行了大规模研究。