The plasma membrane (PM) performs a plethora of physiological processes, the coordination of which requires spatial and temporal organization into specialized domains of different sizes, stability, protein/lipid composition and overall architecture. Compartmentalization of the PM has been particularly well studied in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where five non-overlapping domains have been described: The Membrane Compartments containing the arginine permease Can1 (MCC), the H+-ATPase Pma1 (MCP), the TORC2 kinase (MCT), the sterol transporters Ltc3/4 (MCL), and the cell wall stress mechanosensor Wsc1 (MCW). Additional cortical foci at the fungal PM are the sites where clathrin-dependent endocytosis occurs, the sites where the external pH sensing complex PAL/Rim localizes, and sterol-rich domains found in apically grown regions of fungal membranes. In this review, we summarize knowledge from several fungal species regarding the organization of the lateral PM segregation. We discuss the mechanisms of formation of these domains, and the mechanisms of partitioning of proteins there. Finally, we discuss the physiological roles of the best-known membrane compartments, including the regulation of membrane and cell wall homeostasis, apical growth of fungal cells and the newly emerging role of MCCs as starvation-protective membrane domains.

中文翻译：

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真菌质膜结构域。

质膜（PM）执行大量的生理过程，其协调需要在空间和时间上组织成具有不同大小，稳定性，蛋白质/脂质组成和整体结构的专门区域。在酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae中对PM的分隔进行了特别深入的研究，其中描述了五个非重叠结构域：包含精氨酸通透酶Can1（MCC），H + -ATPase Pma1（MCP），TORC2激酶（ MCT），固醇转运蛋白Ltc3 / 4（MCL）和细胞壁应力机械传感器Wsc1（MCW）。真菌PM处的其他皮质病灶是发生网格蛋白依赖的内吞作用的位置，外部pH敏感复合物PAL / Rim定位的位置，在真菌膜的顶端生长区域中发现了富含固醇的结构域。在这篇综述中，我们总结了几种真菌物种有关侧向PM分离组织的知识。我们讨论了这些域的形成机制，以及那里的蛋白质分配机制。最后，我们讨论了最著名的膜区室的生理作用，包括膜和细胞壁稳态的调节，真菌细胞的顶端生长以及MCC作为饥饿保护膜结构域的新兴作用。