Abstract Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important macronutrients for plant growth and yield. Low availability of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in soil substantially curbs crop production, whereas excessive Pi fertilization causes economic and ecological problems. The rapid depletion of global rock phosphate (RP) reserves calls for efficient plant Pi-management. To cope with low Pi (LP) stress, plants have evolved morphological, physiological, molecular, and biochemical adaptations. Apart from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-mediated Pi acquisition, Pi uptake, it's export, utilization, and remobilization depend on transport processes mediated by membrane bound PHosphate Transporters (PHTs), which are grouped into five families. Among these, the PHT1 family is the primary transporter involved in the acquisition of Pi from soil and redistribution within plants. In this review, we present a brief account on 5 PHTs (PHT1 to PHT5) and focus on PHT1s. We cover in detail the PHT1s identified and characterized until now in various plants including their phylogenetic relationships, induction by AMF, localization, and affinity. We also discuss the extant understanding of the regulation of PHT1s at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. Further exploitation of PHT1s will help overcome the problems associated with LP soils and assist in improving crop yields through sustainable agriculture.

中文翻译：

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PHT1 家族转运蛋白在植物中磷的获取和再分配中的作用

摘要 磷（P）是植物生长和产量最重要的常量营养素之一。土壤中无机磷酸盐 (Pi) 的可用性低会大大抑制作物生产，而过量的磷肥会导致经济和生态问题。全球磷矿 (RP) 储量的迅速枯竭需要有效的植物磷管理。为了应对低磷 (LP) 胁迫，植物已经进化出形态、生理、分子和生化适应性。除了丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 介导的 Pi 获取、Pi 吸收外，它的输出、利用和再动员取决于膜结合磷酸转运蛋白 (PHT) 介导的转运过程，PHT 分为五个家族。在这些当中，PHT1 家族是参与从土壤中获取 Pi 和在植物内重新分配的主要转运蛋白。在这篇评论中，我们简要介绍了 5 个 PHT（PHT1 到 PHT5）并重点关注 PHT1。我们详细介绍了迄今为止在各种植物中鉴定和表征的 PHT1，包括它们的系统发育关系、AMF 诱导、定位和亲和力。我们还讨论了对转录、转录后和翻译后水平的 PHT1 调控的现有理解。进一步开发 PHT1 将有助于克服与​​ LP 土壤相关的问题，并有助于通过可持续农业提高作物产量。我们详细介绍了迄今为止在各种植物中鉴定和表征的 PHT1，包括它们的系统发育关系、AMF 诱导、定位和亲和力。我们还讨论了对转录、转录后和翻译后水平的 PHT1 调控的现有理解。进一步开发 PHT1 将有助于克服与​​ LP 土壤相关的问题，并有助于通过可持续农业提高作物产量。我们详细介绍了迄今为止在各种植物中鉴定和表征的 PHT1，包括它们的系统发育关系、AMF 诱导、定位和亲和力。我们还讨论了对转录、转录后和翻译后水平的 PHT1 调控的现有理解。进一步开发 PHT1 将有助于克服与​​ LP 土壤相关的问题，并有助于通过可持续农业提高作物产量。