A better understanding of the operation and use of prehistoric fires is fundamental to interpreting the organization of living spaces. Following a previous study that focused on the organic signatures of fireplaces fueled with wood and/or bones, this study targeted the completion of an experimental reference database through the addition of a wood-fueled fireplace dedicated to the cooking of meat. Different sedimentary features of this experimental fireplace were visually identified (e.g. darkening, reddening), sampled, and subjected to geochemical analysis. Corg and N contents were quantified, samples were extracted with organic solvents and analyzed through GC-MS and bulk organic matter was characterized through py(TMAH)-GC-MS. Five different samples were studied and compared with a control sample, representative of the local background. A significant increase of Corg and N contents was measured for the three samples presenting darkened or charred caracteristics. The meat-cooking fireplace seems to be characterized by the strong contribution of nitrogen, which was visible in elementary analyses as well as in the molecular composition of solvent extracts, and bulk organic matter. More specifically, compounds containing nitrile functions, amides, N-heterocyclic and N-aromatic compounds could be detected in solvent extracts. Amines, amides, N-heterocyclic and N-aromatic compounds could be identified in py(TMAH)-GC-MS. Some of these compounds present a relative stability in soils and could therefore aid in our comprehension and functional interpretations of archaeological fireplaces, and may, more particularly, make it possible to highlight the use of fireplaces for the cooking of meat.

中文翻译：

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实验性肉类烹饪壁炉的有机特征：氮化合物的鉴定及其考古潜力

更好地了解史前火灾的操作和使用是解释生活空间组织的基础。此前的一项研究侧重于以木头和/或骨头为燃料的壁炉的有机特征，本研究的目标是通过添加一个专门用于烹饪肉类的燃木壁炉来完成实验参考数据库。这个实验壁炉的不同沉积特征被目视识别（例如变暗、变红）、采样并进行地球化学分析。对 Corg 和 N 含量进行定量，用有机溶剂提取样品并通过 GC-MS 进行分析，并通过 py(TMAH)-GC-MS 表征大量有机物。研究了五种不同的样品，并与代表当地背景的对照样品进行了比较。对于呈现变暗或烧焦特征的三个样品，测量到 Corg 和 N 含量显着增加。肉类烹饪壁炉似乎以氮的强烈贡献为特征，这在元素分析以及溶剂提取物和大量有机物质的分子组成中可见。更具体地说，可以在溶剂提取物中检测到含有腈官能团、酰胺、N-杂环和 N-芳族化合物的化合物。胺、酰胺、N-杂环和N-芳族化合物可以在py(TMAH)-GC-MS 中鉴定。其中一些化合物在土壤中表现出相对稳定性，因此有助于我们对考古壁炉的理解和功能解释，更特别的是，