Integrins are the main cell surface receptors and execute multifaceted functions such as the bidirectional transmission of signals (i.e., inside-out and outside-in) and provide communication between cells and their microenvironments. Integrins are the key regulators of critical biological functions and contribute significantly to the promotion of cancer at almost every stage of disease progression from initial tumor formation to metastasis. Integrin expressions are frequently altered in different cancers, and consequently, several therapeutic strategies targeting integrins have been developed. Furthermore, nanotechnology-based approaches have been devised to overcome the intrinsic limitations of conventional therapies for cancer management, and have been shown to more precise, safer, and highly effective therapeutic tools. Although nanotechnology-based approaches have achieved substantial success for the management of cancer, certain obstacles remain such as inadequate knowledge of nano–bio interactions and the challenges associated with the three stages of clinical trials. This review highlights the different roles of integrins and of integrin-dependent signaling in various cancers and describes the applications of nanotherapeutics targeting integrins. In addition, we discuss RGD-based approaches and challenges posed to cancer management.

整合素是主要的细胞表面受体，执行多方面的功能，例如信号的双向传输（即由内向外和由外向内），并提供细胞与其微环境之间的通信。整联蛋白是关键生物学功能的关键调节因子，并且在从初始肿瘤形成到转移的几乎每个疾病进展阶段都对促进癌症有显着贡献。整合素表达在不同的癌症中经常发生改变，因此，已经开发了几种针对整合素的治疗策略。此外，基于纳米技术的方法已被设计用于克服常规治疗癌症治疗的内在局限性，并已被证明是更精确、更安全和高效的治疗工具。尽管基于纳米技术的方法在癌症管理方面取得了巨大成功，但仍存在某些障碍，例如对纳米生物相互作用的了解不足以及与临床试验三个阶段相关的挑战。这篇综述强调了整合素和整合素依赖性信号在各种癌症中的不同作用，并描述了靶向整合素的纳米疗法的应用。此外，我们还讨论了基于 RGD 的方法和对癌症管理提出的挑战。这篇综述强调了整合素和整合素依赖性信号在各种癌症中的不同作用，并描述了靶向整合素的纳米疗法的应用。此外，我们还讨论了基于 RGD 的方法和对癌症管理提出的挑战。这篇综述强调了整合素和整合素依赖性信号在各种癌症中的不同作用，并描述了靶向整合素的纳米疗法的应用。此外，我们还讨论了基于 RGD 的方法和对癌症管理提出的挑战。