Dietary fibers (DFs) regulate host health through various mechanisms related to their dietary sources, specific physicochemical structures, fermentability, and physiological properties in the gut. Considering the numerous types and sources of DFs and their different physicochemical and physiological properties, it is challenging yet important to establish the key mechanisms for the beneficial health effects of DFs. In this review, the types and structures of DFs from different fruits and vegetables were summarized and the effects of different processing methods on DF properties were discussed. Moreover, the impacts of DFs on gut microbial ecology, host physiology, and health were described. Understanding the complex interaction between different DFs and gut microbiota is vital for personalized nutrition. It is also important to comprehend factors influencing gut microbiota and strategies to regulate the microbiota, thereby augmenting beneficial health responses. The exploration of molecular mechanism linking DFs, gut microbiota, and host physiology may allow for the identification of effective targets to fight against major chronic diseases.

中文翻译：

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水果和蔬菜中的膳食纤维及其通过调节肠道菌群的健康益处

膳食纤维（DFs）通过各种与膳食来源，特定理化结构，发酵能力和肠道生理特性有关的机制来调节宿主健康。考虑到DF的类型和来源众多，以及它们不同的理化和生理特性，建立DF有益健康作用的关键机制具有挑战性，但也很重要。本文综述了不同水果和蔬菜中DF的类型和结构，并探讨了不同加工方法对DF特性的影响。此外，描述了DFs对肠道微生物生态学，宿主生理和健康的影响。了解不同DF与肠道菌群之间复杂的相互作用对于个性化营养至关重要。理解影响肠道菌群的因素和调节菌群的策略，从而增强有益的健康反应也很重要。探索将DF，肠道菌群和宿主生理联系起来的分子机制，可能有助于确定对抗主要慢性疾病的有效靶标。