Extreme hydrometeorological events such as hurricanes and cyclones are increasing in frequency and intensity due to climate change and often associated with flash floods in coastal, urbanized and industrial areas. Preparedness and response measures need to concentrate on toxicological and infectious hazards, the potential impact on environmental health, and threat to human lives. The recognition of the danger of flood water after hurricanes is critical. Effective health management needs to consider the likelihood and specific risks of toxic agents present in waters contaminated by chemical spills, bio-toxins, waste, sewage, and water-borne pathogens. Despite significant progress in the ability to rapidly detect and test water for a wide range of chemicals and pathogens, there has been a lack of implementation to adapt toxicity measurements in the context of flash and hurricane-induced flooding. The aim of this review was to highlight the need to collect and analyze data on toxicity of flood waters to understand the risks and prepare vulnerable communities and first responders. It is proposed that new and routinely used technologies be employed during disaster response to rapidly assess toxicity and infectious disease threats, and subsequently take necessary remedial actions.

中文翻译：

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飓风，旋风，暴洪和重大水文气象事件之后，有毒和传染性因素对环境健康产生了影响。

由于气候变化，飓风和旋风等极端的水文气象事件的频率和强度正在增加，而且经常与沿海，城市化和工业区的山洪爆发有关。备灾和应对措施需要集中于毒理学和传染病危害，对环境健康的潜在影响以及对人类生命的威胁。认识飓风过后的洪水危险至关重要。有效的健康管理需要考虑在化学溢出物，生物毒素，废物，污水和水生病原体污染的水中存在有毒物质的可能性和特定风险。尽管在快速检测和测试水中各种化学物质和病原体的能力方面取得了显着进步，缺乏在暴雨和飓风引起的洪水泛滥的情况下适应毒性测量的措施。这次审查的目的是强调需要收集和分析洪水毒性数据，以了解风险并为脆弱的社区和急救人员做好准备。建议在灾难响应期间采用新的和常规使用的技术，以快速评估毒性和传染病威胁，并随后采取必要的补救措施。