Are there systematic trends around the world in levels of creativity, aggressiveness, life satisfaction, individualism, trust, and suicidality? This article suggests a new field, latitudinal psychology, that delineates differences in such culturally shared features along northern and southern rather than eastern and western locations. In addition to geographical, ecological, and other explanations, we offer three metric foundations of latitudinal variations: replicability (latitudinal gradient repeatability across hemispheres), reversibility (north-south gradient reversal near the equator), and gradient strength (degree of replicability and reversibility). We show that aggressiveness decreases whereas creativity, life satisfaction, and individualism increase as one moves closer to either the North or South Pole. We also discuss the replicability, reversibility, and gradient strength of (a) temperatures and rainfall as remote predictors and (b) pathogen prevalence, national wealth, population density, and income inequality as more proximate predictors of latitudinal gradients in human functioning. Preliminary analyses suggest that cultural and psychological diversity often need to be partially understood in terms of latitudinal variations in integrated exposure to climate-induced demands and wealth-based resources. We conclude with broader implications, emphasizing the importance of north-south replications in samples that are not from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies.

中文翻译：

---

纬度心理学：关于创造力，侵略性，幸福感及超越的生态观点。

全世界在创造力，积极进取，生活满意度，个人主义，信任和自杀方面是否存在系统性趋势？本文提出了一个新的领域，即纬度心理学，它描绘了北部和南部而不是东部和西部地区这种文化共享特征的差异。除了地理，生态和其他解释外，我们还提供了纬度变化的三个度量基础：可复制性（半球上的纬度梯度可重复性），可逆性（赤道附近的南北梯度可逆性）和梯度强度（可复制性和可逆性程度） ）。我们表明，随着人们靠近北极或南极，积极性降低，而创造力，生活满意度和个人主义则提高。我们还讨论了可复制性，（a）温度和降雨是可预测性的可逆性和梯度强度；（b）病原体流行，国民财富，人口密度和收入不平等是人类功能中纬度梯度的最接近预测因子。初步分析表明，文化和心理多样性通常需要从与气候引起的需求和基于财富的资源的综合接触中的纬度变化方面得到部分理解。我们以更广泛的含义进行了总结，强调了北南复制在非西方，受过教育，工业化，富裕和民主（WEIRD）社会的样本中的重要性。和收入不平等是人类功能中纬度梯度的更接近的预测指标。初步分析表明，文化和心理多样性通常需要从与气候引起的需求和基于财富的资源的综合接触中的纬度变化方面得到部分理解。我们以更广泛的含义进行了总结，强调了北南复制在非西方，受过教育，工业化，富裕和民主（WEIRD）社会的样本中的重要性。和收入不平等是人类功能中纬度梯度的更接近的预测指标。初步分析表明，文化和心理多样性通常需要从与气候引起的需求和基于财富的资源的综合接触中的纬度变化方面得到部分理解。我们以更广泛的含义进行了总结，强调了北南复制在非西方，受过教育，工业化，富裕和民主（WEIRD）社会的样本中的重要性。