A typical feature of marine foods is that they are rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which have formed a large-scale global industry. DHA/EPA phospholipids (PLs) are ubiquitous in marine foods and are the main DHA/EPA molecular forms in fish roe, shrimp and shellfish. Much attention has been focused on the bioavailability and health benefits that are influenced by the type and esterified form of dietary fatty acids. Recently, numerous findings have suggested that dietary DHA/EPA-PLs are superior to the triacylglycerol (TAG) or ethyl ester forms in exerting their functional properties through specific mechanisms of action. However, there is no comprehensive review covering the health benefits of dietary marine DHA/EPA-enriched PLs. In this paper, we review publications on the nutritional functions of DHA/EPA-enriched glycerophospholipids, including the effects on brain function, antitumor activity, lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism. The current research status regarding the active ingredients, sources, models, treatment, duration, and mechanisms are presented. In addition, the way in which the structure-activity relationship of DHA/EPA-PLs is affected by ester-bond structure at the sn-1 position, fatty acid at the sn-2 position and polar head group at the sn-3 position is also reviewed. DHA/EPA-PLs are one of the major n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid dietary forms in our diet, and we should maximize the ability to fully exploit the nutritional properties of DHA/EPA.

海洋食品的典型特征是它们富含二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和二十碳五烯酸（EPA），它们已经形成了一个大规模的全球产业。DHA / EPA磷脂（PLs）在海洋食品中无处不在，并且是鱼籽，虾和贝类中主要的DHA / EPA分子形式。饮食的类型和酯化形式影响了生物利用度和健康益处，这引起了人们的极大关注。最近，许多发现表明，饮食DHA / EPA-PL通过特定的作用机制发挥其功能特性，优于三酰甘油（TAG）或乙酯形式。但是，目前尚无全面的评论涉及膳食海洋中富含DHA / EPA的PL的健康益处。在本文中，我们回顾了有关富含DHA / EPA的甘油磷脂的营养功能的出版物，包括对脑功能，抗肿瘤活性，脂质代谢和葡萄糖代谢的影响。介绍了有关活性成分，来源，模型，治疗，持续时间和机制的当前研究状况。另外，DHA / EPA-PLs的构效关系受sn-1位置的酯键结构，sn-2位置的脂肪酸和sn-3位置的极性头基团影响的方式也进行了审查。DHA / EPA-PLs是我们饮食中主要的n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸饮食形式之一，我们应最大限度地利用DHA / EPA的营养特性。和葡萄糖代谢。介绍了有关活性成分，来源，模型，治疗，持续时间和机制的当前研究状况。另外，DHA / EPA-PLs的构效关系受sn-1位置的酯键结构，sn-2位置的脂肪酸和sn-3位置的极性头基团影响的方式也进行了审查。DHA / EPA-PLs是我们饮食中主要的n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸饮食形式之一，我们应最大限度地利用DHA / EPA的营养特性。和葡萄糖代谢。介绍了有关活性成分，来源，模型，治疗，持续时间和机制的当前研究状况。另外，DHA / EPA-PLs的构效关系受sn-1位置的酯键结构，sn-2位置的脂肪酸和sn-3位置的极性头基团影响的方式也进行了审查。DHA / EPA-PLs是我们饮食中主要的n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸饮食形式之一，我们应最大限度地利用DHA / EPA的营养特性。还综述了DHA / EPA-PLs的结构-活性关系受sn-1位的酯键结构，sn-2位的脂肪酸和sn-3位的极性头基团影响的方式。DHA / EPA-PLs是我们饮食中主要的n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸饮食形式之一，我们应最大限度地利用DHA / EPA的营养特性。还综述了DHA / EPA-PLs的结构-活性关系受sn-1位的酯键结构，sn-2位的脂肪酸和sn-3位的极性头基团影响的方式。DHA / EPA-PLs是我们饮食中主要的n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸饮食形式之一，我们应最大限度地利用DHA / EPA的营养特性。