The poultry industry has recently undergone transitions into antibiotic free production, and viable antibiotic alternatives, such as probiotics, are necessary. Through in ovo probiotic inoculation, beneficial microflora development in the gastrointestinal tract may occur prior to hatch without negatively impacting chick performance. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to observe the impacts of the injection of probiotic bacteria individually or combined into fertile broiler hatching eggs on hatch and live performance characteristics. A total of 2,080 fertile broiler hatching eggs were obtained from a commercial source. On day 18 of incubation, 4 in ovo injected treatments were applied: 1.) Marek's Disease (HVT) vaccination, 2.) L. animalis (∼106 cfu/50μl), 3.) E. faecium (∼106 cfu/50μl), and 4.) L. animalis + E. faecium (∼106 cfu & ∼106 cfu/50μl each). On day of hatch, hatchability and hatch residue data were recorded. A portion of male chicks from each treatment were placed in a grow-out facility for a 21 d grow-out (18 chicks/pen × 10 pens/treatment = 720 male chicks) with a corn and soy bean meal-based diet without antibiotics or antibiotic alternatives. Performance data and gastrointestinal samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Results indicated no differences in all hatch parameters between treatments (P > 0.05) except for % pipped, where the L. animalis treatment had lower % pipped eggs compared to the HVT control and E. faecium treatments (P = 0.04). No differences were observed in body weight gain or mortality (P > 0.05). Probiotic treatments altered gastrointestinal tissue length, weight, and pH. This resulted in all in ovo injected probiotic treatments increasing feed conversion ratio (FCR) from days 7 to 14 as compared to the control (P = 0.01). Differences in FCR were not observed in any other week of data collection (days 0 to 7, 14 to 21, or 0 to 21; P > 0.05). Although probiotics altered live performance from days 7 to 14, these data suggest that in ovo inoculations of L. animalis and E. faecium in combination are viable probiotic administration practices that potentially improve hatch characteristics and gastrointestinal tract development.

中文翻译：

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使用商业化的卵内技术单独或联合接种动物乳杆菌和粪肠球菌的潜力，不会对孵化和孵化后性能产生负面影响。

家禽业最近经历了向无抗生素生产的转变，需要可行的抗生素替代品，例如益生菌。通过卵内益生菌接种，可以在孵化前在胃肠道中形成有益的微生物群落，而不会对雏鸡的生产性能产生负面影响。因此，本研究的目的是观察将益生菌单独或联合注射到受精肉鸡孵化蛋中对孵化和活体性能特征的影响。从商业来源获得了总共 2,080 个可育肉鸡孵化蛋。在孵化的第 18 天，进行了 4 种卵内注射处理：1.) 马立克氏病 (HVT) 疫苗接种，2.) 动物乳杆菌 (~106 cfu/50μl)，3.) 粪肠球菌 (~106 cfu/50μl) ) 和 4.) 动物乳杆菌 + E. 粪（~106 cfu & ~106 cfu/50μl）。在孵化当天，记录孵化率和孵化残留数据。将来自每个处理的部分雄性小鸡放置在养成设施中进行 21 天的养成（18 只小鸡/栏 × 10 栏/处理 = 720 只雄性小鸡），以玉米和豆粕为基础的饮食，不含抗生素或抗生素替代品。在第 0、7、14 和 21 天收集性能数据和胃肠道样本。结果表明，处理之间的所有孵化参数均无差异 (P > 0.05)，但脱壳百分比除外，其中与动物乳杆菌处理相比，脱壳蛋的百分比较低到 HVT 控制和 E. faecium 处理 (P = 0.04)。在体重增加或死亡率方面没有观察到差异（P > 0.05）。益生菌治疗改变了胃肠组织的长度、重量和 pH 值。与对照相比，这导致所有卵内注射益生菌处理从第 7 天到第 14 天提高了饲料转化率 (FCR) (P = 0.01)。在数据收集的任何其他周（第 0 至 7 天、第 14 至 21 天或第 0 至 21 天；P > 0.05）均未观察到 FCR 的差异。尽管益生菌从第 7 天到第 14 天改变了活体性能，但这些数据表明，在卵内接种动物乳杆菌和粪肠球菌组合是可行的益生菌施用实践，可能会改善孵化特性和胃肠道发育。