The advent of affordable, large-scale DNA sequencing methods, coupled with advanced computing power, is empowering a detailed analysis of the structure and function of chromosomes. Genomic instability, involving chromosome number and structure changes, has been documented in multiple systems. In plants, haploid induction through genome elimination has recently been connected mechanistically to the formation of complex chromosome reorganizations, known collectively as chromoanagenesis. These abnormalities can be triggered by altering the specialized centromeric histone 3, the epigenetic determinant of centromeres, which leads to loss of centromere function and chromosome missegregation. Other historical and recent instances of genomic instability, at the same time, suggest multiple causes. Their study provides a unique opportunity for a synthesis encompassing genome evolution, its response to stress, as well as the possibility of recruiting the connected mechanisms for genome engineering-based plant breeding.

中文翻译：

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单倍体诱导和基因组不稳定。

负担得起的大规模DNA测序方法的出现，再加上先进的计算能力，可以对染色体的结构和功能进行详细的分析。已经在多个系统中记录了涉及染色体数目和结构变化的基因组不稳定性。在植物中，通过消除基因组的单倍体诱导最近已与复杂的染色体重组的形成机制相关，这统称为显色。这些异常可以通过改变专门的着丝粒组蛋白3（着丝粒的表观遗传决定因素）来触发，从而导致着丝粒功能的丧失和染色体错位。同时，其他历史和最近的基因组不稳定性实例也表明了多种原因。