Recent advances in tumor immunology, fostered by dramatic outcomes with cancer immunotherapy, have opened new scenarios in cancer metastasis. The cancer stemness/mesenchymal phenotype and an excess of immune suppressive signals are emerging as Intertwined aspects of human tumors. This review examines recent studies that explored the mechanistic links between cancer cell stemness and immunoevasion, and the evidence points to these key events in cancer metastasis as two sides of the same coin. This review also covers the mechanisms involved in tumor expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), a major factor exploited by human neoplasias to suppress immune control. We highlight the convergence of mesenchymal traits and PD-L1 expression and examine the functions of this immune inhibitory molecule, which confers cancer cell resistance and aggressiveness.

肿瘤免疫学的最新进展是由癌症免疫疗法的显着成果推动的，为癌症转移开辟了新的前景。癌干/间充质表型和过量的免疫抑制信号正在作为人类肿瘤的相互交织的方面出现。这篇综述审查了最近的研究，这些研究探索了癌细胞干性和免疫逃避之间的机械联系，并且证据表明这些癌症转移的关键事件是同一枚硬币的两个方面。这篇综述还涵盖了程序性细胞死亡配体1（PD-L1）的肿瘤表达中涉及的机制，PD-L1是人类肿瘤形成抑制免疫控制的主要因素。我们强调了间充质性状和PD-L1表达的融合，并研究了这种免疫抑制分子的功能，