The current study examines how speakers plan sentences in which two words that form hierarchical dependency relationships - arguments and verbs - appear far apart in linear distance, to investigate how linear and hierarchical aspects of sentences simultaneously shape sentence planning processes. The results of six extended picture-word interference experiments suggest that speakers retrieve sentence-final verbs before the articulation of their sentence-initial patient or theme arguments, but not agent arguments, and before retrieving sentence-medial nouns inside modifiers. These results suggest that the time-course of sentence planning reflects hierarchically-defined dependency relationships over and above linear structure.

中文翻译：

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超越线性顺序：论证结构在说话中的作用

当前的研究检查说话者如何计划句子，其中形成层次依赖关系的两个词 - 参数和动词 - 以线性距离出现很远，以研究句子的线性和层次方面如何同时塑造句子计划过程。六个扩展的图片词干扰实验的结果表明，说话者在表达他们的句子开头的耐心或主题参数之前检索句子结尾动词，而不是代理参数，并且在检索修饰语中的句子中间名词之前。这些结果表明，句子规划的时间过程反映了线性结构之上的分层定义的依赖关系。