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Real-Life Neuroscience: An Ecological Approach to Brain and Behavior Research.
Perspectives on Psychological Science ( IF 10.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-13 , DOI: 10.1177/1745691619856350
Simone G Shamay-Tsoory 1, 2 , Avi Mendelsohn 2, 3, 4
Affiliation  

Owing to advances in neuroimaging technology, the past couple of decades have witnessed a surge of research on brain mechanisms that underlie human cognition. Despite the immense development in cognitive neuroscience, the vast majority of neuroimaging experiments examine isolated agents carrying out artificial tasks in sensory and socially deprived environments. Thus, the understanding of the mechanisms of various domains in cognitive neuroscience, including social cognition and episodic memory, is sorely lacking. Here we focus on social and memory research as representatives of cognitive functions and propose that mainstream, lab-based experimental designs in these fields suffer from two fundamental limitations, pertaining to person-dependent and situation-dependent factors. The person-dependent factor addresses the issue of limiting the active role of the participants in lab-based paradigms that may interfere with their sense of agency and embodiment. The situation-dependent factor addresses the issue of the artificial decontextualized environment in most available paradigms. Building on recent findings showing that real-life as opposed to controlled experimental paradigms involve different mechanisms, we argue that adopting a real-life approach may radically change our understanding of brain and behavior. Therefore, we advocate in favor of a paradigm shift toward a nonreductionist approach, exploiting portable technology in semicontrolled environments, to explore behavior in real life.

中文翻译:

现实生活中的神经科学:一种大脑和行为研究的生态方法。

由于神经成像技术的进步,过去几十年来目睹了对人类认知基础的脑机制的研究激增。尽管认知神经科学已经取得了巨大的发展,但绝大多数的神经影像实验都检查了在感官和社会匮乏的环境中执行人工任务的孤立媒介。因此,非常缺乏对认知神经科学各个领域机制的理解,包括社会认知和情节记忆。在这里,我们着重于以认知功能为代表的社会和记忆研究,并提出这些领域的主流,基于实验室的实验设计受到两个基本限制,即与个人相关和与情况相关的因素。以人为本的因素解决了限制参与者在基于实验室的范例中的积极作用的问题,这种范例可能会干扰他们的代理意识和体现方式。与情况有关的因素在大多数可用的范式中解决了人为去上下文化环境的问题。基于最近的发现表明现实生活与受控实验范式相反涉及不同的机制,我们认为采用现实生活的方法可能会从根本上改变我们对大脑和行为的理解。因此,我们主张朝着非还原论的范式转变,在半控制的环境中利用便携式技术来探索现实生活中的行为。与情况有关的因素在大多数可用的范式中解决了人为去上下文化环境的问题。基于最近的发现表明现实生活与受控实验范式相反涉及不同的机制,我们认为采用现实生活的方法可能会从根本上改变我们对大脑和行为的理解。因此,我们主张朝着非还原论的范式转变,在半控制的环境中利用便携式技术来探索现实生活中的行为。与情况有关的因素在大多数可用的范式中解决了人为去上下文化环境的问题。基于最近的发现表明现实生活与受控实验范式相反涉及不同的机制,我们认为采用现实生活的方法可能会从根本上改变我们对大脑和行为的理解。因此,我们主张朝着非还原论的范式转变,在半控制的环境中利用便携式技术来探索现实生活中的行为。我们认为采用现实生活中的方法可能会从根本上改变我们对大脑和行为的理解。因此,我们主张朝着非还原论的范式转变,在半控制的环境中利用便携式技术来探索现实生活中的行为。我们认为采用现实生活中的方法可能会从根本上改变我们对大脑和行为的理解。因此,我们提倡向范式转变为非还原论方法,在半控制的环境中利用便携式技术来探索现实生活中的行为。
更新日期:2019-08-13
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