Foot pad dermatitis (FPD) is a serious problem of the modern poultry industry, negatively affecting birds' welfare and health status, walking and feeding activity, growth performance, carcass quality, and economic performance of meat production. The gut microbiome in poultry with FPD has not been previously investigated. Therefore, we compared the cecal microbiomes of 8 breeding ducks with FPD to 8 control ducks (breeders with apparently healthy feet) by pyrosequencing the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The results showed a significant β-diversity (P < 0.05) of cecal microbiota presented between healthy and FPD-affected breeder ducks. The plasma endotoxins, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-17, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α concentration, and the abundance of class Clostridia in FPD-affected ducks was markedly higher (P < 0.05), however, the abundance of genus Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae UCG-008, and the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in FPD-affected ducks was significantly lower (P < 0.05) when compared to healthy ducks. These findings suggest when duck breeders are affected with FPD, ducks show an increased inflammatory response and a difference of structure and composition of the cecal microbiome.

中文翻译：

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在健康的种鸭和患有足垫皮炎的鸭中发现了不同的微生物组。

足垫皮炎 (FPD) 是现代家禽业的一个严重问题，对家禽的福利和健康状况、行走和采食活动、生长性能、胴体质量和肉类生产的经济性能产生负面影响。以前没有研究过患有 FPD 的家禽的肠道微生物群。因此，我们通过对细菌 16S 核糖体 RNA 基因进行焦磷酸测序，将 8 只患有 FPD 的种鸭的盲肠微生物组与 8 只对照鸭（具有明显健康足部的种鸭）的盲肠微生物组进行了比较。结果显示，健康和受 FPD 影响的种鸭之间存在显着的 β 多样性 (P < 0.05)。受FPD影响的鸭血浆内毒素、白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、IL-17、IL-6、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α浓度和梭状芽胞杆菌类丰度显着升高（P < 0.05） ), 然而，与健康鸭相比，受 FPD 影响的鸭中普氏菌属、乳杆菌属、毛螺菌科 UCG-008 和厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比例显着降低（P < 0.05）。这些发现表明，当鸭子饲养者受到 FPD 影响时，鸭子表现出增加的炎症反应以及盲肠微生物组的结构和组成的差异。